1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Double Jeopardy in the Inter-American System of Human Rights: Balancing the Right and the Remedy
No full textOn December 11, 2009, the Guatemalan Supreme Court ordered the re-opening of four cases involving murders committed toward the end of the country\u27s civil war. The concise sentences were nearly identical in their summary determinations to vacate all earlier sentences - some of which were acquittals of the accused - and to resume criminal proceedings against all those that might be responsible for the crimes. The Guatemalan Supreme Court acknowledged that it was complying with judgments of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), which had determined the international responsibility of Guatemala for failing to investigate the killings with due diligence and sanction the perpetrators. Yet, it offered no explanation for its decision to reexamine the sentences of acquittal. These and similar orders in Peru, Colombia, and Argentina were motivated by the IACtHR\u27s jurisprudence on the principle of non bis in idem, or double jeopardy. The Court has interpreted this principle when analyzing violations of the American Convention on Human Rights (the Convention) and when granting reparations for such violations. These interpretations have not always been consistent, creating a difficult task for domestic courts that seek to apply a coherent rule that balances the rights of victims with those of the accused. The IACtHR\u27s jurisprudence has also failed to provide guidance to states in an area in which it is most needed: when existing law is insufficient to impel the prosecution of those responsible for serious human rights violations. This article opens in Part II by presenting a background of the Inter-American system of human rights and the principle of non bis in idem. Part III explores how the IACtHR has interpreted this principle, both as a right and in the context of reparations. Part IV presents a critique of the manner in which the principle was adopted and its content. Part V examines how state parties have applied the principle in seeking to make reparations for human rights violations and questions whether they have placed the rights of the accused in peril in so doing
Double Jeopardy in the Inter-American System of Human Rights: Balancing the Right and the Remedy
No full textOn December 11, 2009, the Guatemalan Supreme Court ordered the re-opening of four cases involving murders committed toward the end of the country\u27s civil war. The concise sentences were nearly identical in their summary determinations to vacate all earlier sentences - some of which were acquittals of the accused - and to resume criminal proceedings against all those that might be responsible for the crimes. The Guatemalan Supreme Court acknowledged that it was complying with judgments of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), which had determined the international responsibility of Guatemala for failing to investigate the killings with due diligence and sanction the perpetrators. Yet, it offered no explanation for its decision to reexamine the sentences of acquittal. These and similar orders in Peru, Colombia, and Argentina were motivated by the IACtHR\u27s jurisprudence on the principle of non bis in idem, or double jeopardy. The Court has interpreted this principle when analyzing violations of the American Convention on Human Rights (the Convention) and when granting reparations for such violations. These interpretations have not always been consistent, creating a difficult task for domestic courts that seek to apply a coherent rule that balances the rights of victims with those of the accused. The IACtHR\u27s jurisprudence has also failed to provide guidance to states in an area in which it is most needed: when existing law is insufficient to impel the prosecution of those responsible for serious human rights violations. This article opens in Part II by presenting a background of the Inter-American system of human rights and the principle of non bis in idem. Part III explores how the IACtHR has interpreted this principle, both as a right and in the context of reparations. Part IV presents a critique of the manner in which the principle was adopted and its content. Part V examines how state parties have applied the principle in seeking to make reparations for human rights violations and questions whether they have placed the rights of the accused in peril in so doing
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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