1,720,987 research outputs found
Sexual Pleasure Matters (Especially for Women) — Data from the German Sexuality and Health Survey (GeSiD)
Get PDFSexual pleasure has been a neglected issue in sexual health policies. Emerging trends in public health, however,
emphasize the importance of sexual pleasure in preventing negative sexual health outcomes. Using data from the German Sexuality and Health Survey (GeSiD), we tested the assumption that sexual pleasure is associated with sexual health, including a special focus on the role of gender. Participants were interviewed about their sexual experiences and health between October 2018 and September 2019. The analytical sample included 3472 partnered and single women and men who had been sexually active with a partner in the past 12 months. We examined if sexual pleasure was associated with various sexual health indicators (i.e., communication about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), condom use, and absence of sexual problems). Women reported less sexual pleasure than men. Results further indicate that sexual pleasure was associated with more sexual health indicators in women than in men. Supporting emerging trends in public health our results emphasize the importance of sexual pleasure in preventing negative sexual health outcomes. To promote (especially women’s) sexual health, our results call for the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education
programs that focus on more positive aspects of sex, such as sexual pleasure and agency
Criteria for criminal responsibility in sexual offenders
No full textAlthough expert reports play an important role in criminal trials, they may be partly based on criteria that are influenced by the expert's subjective evaluation. BRIKEN and MULLER (2014) thus recommended to use standardized items of prognostic instruments in order to evaluate criminal responsibility of sex offenders with paraphilic disorders. They suggested that this may improve the transparency and comprehensibility of the assessment procedures in expert testimonies. In pilot study 1, we tested the feasibility and reliability of the suggested criteria using anonymized expert reports. We calculate dinter-rater-reliability for all criteria as well as for the evaluation of criminal responsibility. Results of the ratings were compared with the original evaluation of the experts responsible for the reports. Study 1 yielded poor results and thus a second pilot study was conducted to test the criteria after thorough modification. Notably, the feasibility and reliability of the revised criteria improved through modification. Overall results of both pilot studies indicate that the recommended criteria could be helpful for evaluating criminal responsibility of sex offenders
Criteria for criminal responsibility in sexual offenders
No full textAlthough expert reports play an important role in criminal trials, they may be partly based on criteria that are influenced by the expert's subjective evaluation. BRIKEN and MULLER (2014) thus recommended to use standardized items of prognostic instruments in order to evaluate criminal responsibility of sex offenders with paraphilic disorders. They suggested that this may improve the transparency and comprehensibility of the assessment procedures in expert testimonies. In pilot study 1, we tested the feasibility and reliability of the suggested criteria using anonymized expert reports. We calculate dinter-rater-reliability for all criteria as well as for the evaluation of criminal responsibility. Results of the ratings were compared with the original evaluation of the experts responsible for the reports. Study 1 yielded poor results and thus a second pilot study was conducted to test the criteria after thorough modification. Notably, the feasibility and reliability of the revised criteria improved through modification. Overall results of both pilot studies indicate that the recommended criteria could be helpful for evaluating criminal responsibility of sex offenders
Stigma Surrounding Sexually Transmitted Infections among Medical Students in Germany
No full textStigmatization by health care professionals leads to decreased help-seeking behaviors in those being stigmatized. Prejudicial attitudes are especially pronounced concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which is crucial in light of rising prevalence rates of STIs in recent years. We aimed to examine stigmatization against patients with sexually versus non-sexually transmitted infections among medical students in Germany. We also assessed how a person’s sexual orientation or gender might contribute to stigma. Medical students (N = 332) read about a fictious patient with symptoms of pharyngitis after having had a casual sex encounter. Gender (female/male) and sexual orientation (hetero-/bi-/homosexual) of the patient as well as the pathogen causing the infection (gonococcus/H1N1-virus) were randomly varied. Afterwards, stigma against the patient was assessed. Patients with a gonococcal pharyngitis were perceived as more prone to engage in risky behavior, dumber, and less responsible than patients with a H1N1-virus pharyngitis. Bisexual patients were perceived as more prone to engage in risky behavior than hetero- and homosexual individuals. The predictability of the consequences of the patient’s actions was rated higher in bisexual patients. Stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with a STI were frequent, especially against bisexual patients. More education should be dedicated to sexual/LGB health during medical school to reduce existing stigma
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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