1,721,156 research outputs found
Ultrasound and bronchoscopic guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: friends for life!
No full textOccupational mobility: theory and estimation for Italy
No full textThis paper presents a model considering intergenerational occupational mobility as the joint outcome of three main determinants: income incentives, equality of opportunity and changes in the composition of occupations. The model, rationalising the use of transition matrices to measure occupational mobility, allows for identifying asymmetric mobility patterns and constructing a specific mobility index for each determinant. The empirical application of our model to Italy suggests that intergenerational mobility increased from the cohort of children born in the period 1940-1951 to the one born in the period 1952-1965, then to remain at the same level for the cohort of children born in the period 1966-1977. This steady mobility, however, hides i) lower structural mobility, caused by a declining trend in the composition of occupations in favour of upper-middle classes; ii) less upward mobility for those whose fathers were in the lower class; and iii) higher downward mobility from upper-middle classes, both caused by a decrease in the income incentives. Equality of opportunity is low and constant for those born after 1951
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The higher educated, the lower paid: the fixed-term wage penalty within highly educated workers in Italy
No full textThis paper explores the temporary-permanent wage gap experienced by Italian graduate workers. To evaluate the wage gap along the entire wage distribution and account for heterogeneous effects of temporary employment, we apply the Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regression approach. The results suggest that the monthly net wage earned by Italian highly educated workers having a temporary contract is lower than that of their ‘permanent’ counterparts even after controlling for a plethora of individual and job characteristics. More than 50% of the wage gap is due to unobserved characteristics. The field of study, more than the location of the University, explains this discrimination effect due to contractual arrangement. Although the latter is verified along the entire distribution, major effects arise among high-paid and low-paid jobs depicting a U-shape pattern. Results are robust to self-selection, endogeneity, and gender controls
Choose the school, choose the performance. New evidence on the determinants of student performance in eight European countries
Full text linkThis study aims to identify the main determinants of student performance in reading and
maths across eight European Union countries (Austria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Portugal, Slovakia, and Slovenia). Based on student-level data from the OECD’s PISA
2018 survey and by means of the application of efficient algorithms, we highlight that the
number of books at home and a variable combining the type and location of their school
represent the most important predictors of student performance in all of the analysed
countries, while other school characteristics are rarely relevant. Econometric results show
that students attending vocational schools perform significantly worse than those in
general schools, except in Portugal. Considering only general school students, the
differences between big and small cities are not statistically significant, while among
students in vocational schools, those in a small city tend to perform better than those in a
big city. Through the Gelbach decomposition method, which allows measuring the
relative importance of observable characteristics in explaining a gap, we show that the
differences in test scores between big and small cities depend on school characteristics,
while the differences between general and vocational schools are mainly explained by
family social statu
La ricostruzione virtuale di una mostra. Il case study “Eleonora Duse e il suo mito”
Full text linkIl fulcro della presente ricerca è la ricostruzione, attraverso i materiale custoditi nell’archivio Guerrieri di Sapienza, della mostra "Eleonora Duse e il suo mito", organizzata da Gerardo Guerrieri a Palazzo Venezia di Roma nel 1985, la quale rappresenta l’ultimo allestimento da lui curato prima della sua tragica scomparsa, e ben si presta come case study di ricostruzione di una mostra attraverso i materiali d’archivio. Tale progetto ambisce alla creazione di un prototipo virtuale della mostra che è stata presentata durante la discussione della presente tesi. L’innovazione della ricerca e il suo fulcro risiedono nel voler riproporre una mostra allestita nel passato attraverso un allestimento in realtà virtuale. Inoltre, questa sezione dell’archivio è stata prescelta non solo perché com’è noto rappresenta l’oggetto del trentennale e ossessivo studio mai ultimato di Guerrieri, ma perché si presta alla formulazione di standard archivistici condivisi per la descrizione del materiale proveniente da archivi di spettacolo, standard tuttora attualmente non disponibili sia sul piano nazionale che su quello internazionale, e pertanto è stato avviato un gruppo di ricerca con l'Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico e la Documentazione (ICCD).
L’adozione di standard condivisi permette infatti non solo di semplificare operazioni di routine quali la catalogazione, ma garantisce anche l’interoperabilità tra
sistemi differenti, consentendo così la condivisione dei metadati descrittivi.
Il presente progetto quindi si pone l’obiettivo di ricercare un metodo per valorizzare il patrimonio culturale custodito negli archivi di spettacolo, basando la riflessione sull’uso delle fotografie e delle immagini digitali
Protective mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia
No full textAbstract
BACKGROUND:
The impact of intraoperative ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications is not defined. The authors aimed at determining the effectiveness of protective mechanical ventilation during open abdominal surgery on a modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score as primary outcome and postoperative pulmonary function.
METHODS:
Prospective randomized, open-label, clinical trial performed in 56 patients scheduled to undergo elective open abdominal surgery lasting more than 2 h. Patients were assigned by envelopes to mechanical ventilation with tidal volume of 9 ml/kg ideal body weight and zero-positive end-expiratory pressure (standard ventilation strategy) or tidal volumes of 7 ml/kg ideal body weight, 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure, and recruitment maneuvers (protective ventilation strategy). Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, gas exchange, and pulmonary functional tests were measured preoperatively, as well as at days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery.
RESULTS:
Patients ventilated protectively showed better pulmonary functional tests up to day 5, fewer alterations on chest x-ray up to day 3 and higher arterial oxygenation in air at days 1, 3, and 5 (mmHg; mean ± SD): 77.1 ± 13.0 versus 64.9 ± 11.3 (P = 0.0006), 80.5 ± 10.1 versus 69.7 ± 9.3 (P = 0.0002), and 82.1 ± 10.7 versus 78.5 ± 21.7 (P = 0.44) respectively. The modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was lower in the protective ventilation strategy at days 1 and 3. The percentage of patients in hospital at day 28 after surgery was not different between groups (7 vs. 15% respectively, P = 0.42).
CONCLUSION:
A protective ventilation strategy during abdominal surgery lasting more than 2 h improved respiratory function and reduced the modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score without affecting length of hospital stay
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