1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Intonational Structure of Singapore English
No full textThis dissertation is a comprehensive description of the structure of the prosody of Singapore English. Using the Prosodic Hierarchy as a framework, each layer of the structure of Singapore English is described in detail. The smallest level described in this dissertation is the syllable, the domain in which the majority of segmental processes occur in Singapore English. The second level is the prosodic word domain, where there is a high tone anchored to the final syllable and a low tone anchored to the left edge, and these tones are shown in this dissertation to be recursive. These tones are independent of stress, which is argued to not exist in Singapore English. The third level is the intonational phrase, where the final syllable carries the boundary tone of the entire intonational phrase, affecting the tones of final particles. There is also a phrase-initial boost on the first prosodic word of the intonational phrase. Markedly absent is any intermediate phrase or domain between the word and intonational phrase, which is argued to not exist in this dissertation. The dissertation ends with a look at the possible origins of the prosody of Singapore English and a consideration of the prosodic systems which may have influenced its development
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Register and Tone Developments in Vietic Languages
No full textThis dissertation studies the synchronic phonetics of the tonation systems of five Vietic (Austroasiatic) varieties, Arem (ISO: aem), Rục (ISO: scb), and three North-Central Vietnamese (ISO: vie) dialects, Cổ Định (Thanh Hoá province), Nghi Ân (Nghệ An province), and Diêm Điền (Quảng Bình province) with the aim of improving reconstructions of Proto-Vietic tonation.
Tonation is a cover term for tone and register, two phonological contrasts frequently encountered in many East and Southeast Asian languages. These two contrasts can be realized on the rhyme by differences in f0, phonation type, and duration, but also, especially in the case of register, by differences in vowel quality and by modulations of closure duration and voice onset time in onset consonants. Tone usually derives from the loss of laryngeal codas (tonogenesis), while register typically originates from the loss of voicing contrast in onset obstruents (registrogenesis). Onset devoicing can also lead to the formation of two-tone systems or double the number of tones in tonal languages. Different hypotheses have been advanced to explain the phonetic underpinnings of tone and register development, their shared phonetic properties, and intersecting segmental origins, but experimental evidence is needed to validate these hypotheses.
The results show that Arem contrasts high and low registers realized by means of a breathier phonation and more closed vowels in the low register. However, Proto-Vietic final glottals, *-ʔ, *-h, and glottalized sonorant codas are still preserved in the language, and their effects on duration, f0, and phonation of preceding vowels are too variable across registers and speakers to consider Arem as tonal.
The study of the tonation system of Rục shows that it has four tones in open and sonorant-ending syllables. These tones can be grouped into two high-register tones and two low-register tones that are distinguished by consistent differences in f0, phonation type, vowel quality, and to a lesser extent, vowel duration and VOT. The final fricative *-h is still preserved in Rục, and syllables ending in this coda exhibit no f0 difference, but they feature all other register properties. Hence, Rục has a hybrid system of tone and register. The results of the perception experiment reveal that Rục participants use the same phonetic cues in their perception as in their production of tonation, with roughly the same prominence for each cue.
I then turn to the three North-Central Vietnamese dialects and show that they have different numbers of tones and make use of different phonetic properties to realize these tones. Different post-tonogenetic changes also led to distinct tone mergers in these dialects. Traces of register-conditioned variation in phonation type and vowel quality are limited in these varieties, but the low-register tone A2 in Diêm Điền was found to preserve breathy phonation, which is likely to be a remnant of the low register in Proto-Việt-Mường. Vowel quality was found to be conditioned by the tense phonation of tones in the low f0 range in Cổ Định and Nghi Ân, but I argue that this is not a remnant of register, a conclusion strengthened by an investigation showing that there is little evidence for register-conditioned vowel changes from Proto-Vietic to modern Northern Vietnamese.
Since there is either a register contrast or remnants of register in all branches of Vietic, I propose to reconstruct a register contrast in Proto-Vietic, against previous proposals postulating that it had a voicing contrast. This register contrast evolved differently in different daughter languages and interacted with various patterns of retention of laryngeal codas, resulting in diverse tonation systems in Vietic languages. By combining insights on the typology of tonogenetic effects gained from my investigation of Rục and Arem glottal codas and on evidence from correspondences between Chinese and Sino-Vietnamese tones, I further propose that tonogenesis from codas is likely to have happened in Proto-Việt-Mường from the 9th to 12th century CE, which is later than previous proposals
The Intonational Structure of Singapore English
No full textThis dissertation is a comprehensive description of the structure of the prosody of Singapore English. Using the Prosodic Hierarchy as a framework, each layer of the structure of Singapore English is described in detail. The smallest level described in this dissertation is the syllable, the domain in which the majority of segmental processes occur in Singapore English. The second level is the prosodic word domain, where there is a high tone anchored to the final syllable and a low tone anchored to the left edge, and these tones are shown in this dissertation to be recursive. These tones are independent of stress, which is argued to not exist in Singapore English. The third level is the intonational phrase, where the final syllable carries the boundary tone of the entire intonational phrase, affecting the tones of final particles. There is also a phrase-initial boost on the first prosodic word of the intonational phrase. Markedly absent is any intermediate phrase or domain between the word and intonational phrase, which is argued to not exist in this dissertation. The dissertation ends with a look at the possible origins of the prosody of Singapore English and a consideration of the prosodic systems which may have influenced its development
Comment vos cordes vocales vibrent-elles? Une étude laryngographique de la production du contraste de voisement en français
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