66 research outputs found
Values in University–Industry Collaborations: The Case of Academics Working at Universities of Technology
No full textIn the applied sciences and in engineering there is often a significant overlap between work at universities and in industry. For the individual scholar, this may lead to serious conflicts when working on joint university–industry projects. Differences in goals, such as the university’s aim to disseminate knowledge while industry aims to appropriate knowledge, might lead to complicated situations and conflicts of interest. The detailed cases of two electrical engineers and two architects working at two different universities of technology illustrate the kinds of problems individual scholars face in university–business collaborations. These cases are based on qualitative interviews and additional data and demonstrate that, while value conflicts emerge on the organizational level, it is primarily the individual researcher who must deal with such conflicts. This analysis adds to existing studies in two ways: first, it explicitly addresses normative issues framed in terms of ethical and social values, thereby going beyond the common social-science perspective of university–business collaboration. Secondly, it provides qualitative insights, thereby identifying details and issues not apparent in quantitative studies. In particular, it is evident that university–industry collaborations are prone to value conflicts not only in research but also in education and job training.Economics of Technology and Innovatio
Testing and Monitoring of Earth Structures
No full textMonitoring structural behavior of earth structures during construction and in service is a common practice done for safety reasons, consolidation control and maintenance needs. Several are the techniques available for measuring displacements, water pressures and total stresses, not only in these geotechnical structures
but also at their foundations. Materials testing has been used for calibrating models for structural design and behavior prediction, and these models can be validated with instrumentation data as well. Relatively recent investigation on the behavior of these materials considering their degree of saturation focuses on monitoring the evolution of water content or suction as function of soil-atmosphere interaction, necessary to
predict cyclic and/or accumulated displacements, and has huge potential to predict the impact of climate changes on the performance of existing geotechnical structures. This new need justifies the investment on developing sensors able to be used for in situ monitoring of water in the soils, such as those presented here. Testing and monitoring becomes even more important nowadays when, for sustainability purposes, traditional construction materials are replaced by other geomaterials with unknown behavior and long-term performance (mainly accumulated displacements). Existing experimental protocols and monitoring equipment are used for such cases, however new techniques must be developed to deal with particular behaviors. Three case studies are presented and discussion is made on monitoring equipment used and
how monitored data helped understanding the behaviors observed
The Capability Approach as a normative framework for technology assessment
No full textThe digital revolution of the energy system promises a new sustainable energy future, but risks security and privacy. How to balance or at least compare these risks against other values like more sustainability is far from obvious and poses severe challenges for the orientation knowledge of technology assessment (TA). This paper explores the Capability Approach (CA) as a normative orientation for TA that allows addressing these challenges. We use two scenarios for the current digitalization in the energy sector as case studies
Jorge Miguel Marinho’s young-adult novels: reading the world, reading literature
No full textEsta tese propõe algumas leituras possíveis para cinco romances juvenis de Jorge Miguel Marinho (1947): A visitação do amor: uma história mágica em dó maior (1987); Sangue no espelho: histórias de Alices, vampiros e olhares (1993); Te dou a lua amanhã...: biofantasia de Mário de Andrade (1993); O cavaleiro da tristíssima figura (1996) e Lis no peito: um livro que pede perdão (2005), com o objetivo de compreender as singularidades do projeto estético do escritor, que tem produção regular desde os anos 1980, permanece em franca atividade e foi bastante premiado no segmento juvenil. Por ser um autor ainda pouco estudado no que concerne ao conjunto de sua obra, há, no primeiro capítulo, uma abordagem panorâmica que busca situá-la histórica e esteticamente, com fundamentação em Antonio Candido, Silviano Santiago, Tânia Pellegrini, Walnice Galvão, Flávio Carneiro e Beatriz Resende. No segundo capítulo, para o levantamento e discussão de sua fortuna crítica, a produção a esse respeito foi levantada a partir da década de 1980, tanto a disponibilizada em gêneros acadêmicos – teses, dissertações e artigos em revistas – quanto em livros. No ensejo das leituras sobre textos que tratam da obra jorgiana há uma breve reflexão sobre o específico juvenil com ênfase na presença da intertextualidade e da metalinguagem e o tipo de relação dos textos de Marinho com o segmento. Para tanto, o pensamento de pesquisadores mais experientes como Marisa Lajolo, Regina Zilberman, Edmir Perrotti, João Ceccantini e Alice Áurea Penteado Martha aparece entrelaçado às reflexões de Gabriela F. C. Luft, Larissa W. F. Cruvinel, Raquel C. de S. e Souza e outros investigadores que mais recentemente se integraram à área. No terceiro capítulo, quando da análise do corpus, todo esse referencial é retomado junto às contribuições de Linda Hutcheon e Umberto Eco sobre a literatura contemporânea, as quais iluminam a leitura da obra jorgiana. Enfim, as tendências verificadas nos romances são levantadas em conjunto, de modo a possibilitar o entendimento de como o destinatário específico – neste caso, o jovem – baliza a dimensão estética da produção juvenil de Marinho, especialmente no uso da metaficção e da intertextualidade paródica, sem prejudicar a qualidade de sua criação artística. Ao contrário, seus livros trazem significativa originalidade ao fugir de estereótipos ainda presentes na literatura juvenil, revelando um diálogo produtivo entre a tradição literária e a sensibilidade criativa do escritor. Ao final, o Apêndice apresenta uma tabela com todas as publicações de Marinho junto à indicação das premiações recebidas e uma entrevista original com o autor concedida para esta tese. Os Anexos trazem a transcrição de entrevistas e participações em mesas e programas que se encontravam disponíveis apenas em áudio ou vídeo.This thesis was carried out to suggest reading possibilities for five young-adult novels written by Jorge Miguel Marinho (1947): A visitação do amor: uma história mágica em dó maior (1987); Sangue no espelho: histórias de Alices, vampiros e olhares (1993); Te dou a lua amanhã...: biofantasia de Mário de Andrade (1993); O cavaleiro da tristíssima figura (1996) e Lis no peito: um livro que pede perdão (2005). The objective is to understand the singularities of Marinho's aesthetic project, who has a regular production since the 1980s, remains writing, and has been highly awarded in the young-adult segment. In the first chapter, as the author is not widely studied, there is a panoramic approach that seeks to situate his work historically and aesthetically according to Antonio Candido, Silviano Santiago, Tânia Pellegrini, Walnice Galvão, Flávio Carneiro, and Beatriz Resende. In the second chapter, for the survey and discussion of Marinho’s critical fortune, the production in this respect was raised from the 1980s on, both in academic genres - theses, dissertations, and articles in magazines - and in books. Considering these readings of this author's work, there is also a brief reflection about the specificity of the young-adult novels with an emphasis on the presence of intertextuality and metalanguage, and the type of relationship of his texts with this segment. To that end, the ideas of more experienced researchers like Marisa Lajolo, Regina Zilberman, Edmir Perrotti, João Ceccantini, and Alice Aurea Penteado Martha appear intertwined with considerations of Gabriela F.C. Luft, Larissa W.F. Cruvinel, Raquel C. de S. e Souza and other scholars which have joined the area more recently. In the third chapter, the analysis of the corpus, all this theoretical reference aforementioned is resumed with the contributions of Linda Hutcheon and Umberto Eco on contemporary literature, which illuminate the proposed reading of Jorge Marinho’s work. Finally, the trends observed in the novels are raised together, in order to allow the understanding of how the specific reader - in this case, the young-adult – set boundaries within the aesthetic dimension of the author's young-adult production, especially his use of metafiction and parodic intertextuality, without harming the quality of his artistic creation. Conversely, his books bring significant originality by escaping stereotypes that are still present in the young-adult literature, revealing a productive dialogue between the literary tradition and the creative sensitivity of the writer. At the end, the Appendix presents a table with all of Marinho's publications alongside the indication of prizes received, and an original interview with the author granted for this dissertation. The Annexes provide the transcription of interviews, participations in panel discussions, and programs that are available only in audio or vide
Machado de Assis: la literatura escolar y el uso de fanfictions como actividad evaluativa: A LITERATURA ESCOLAR E O USO DE FANFICTIONS COMO ATIVIDADE AVALIATIVA
No full textabstract: The general objective of this article is to propose a presentation and analysis of Machado de Assis. Furthermore, the specific objectives are: a) to expose some of the most relevant characteristics of Machado de Assis, for this work; b) the presence of Machado de Assis’s works in comics in the current school; c) dialogue with the digital fanfiction genre; d) contextualize and exemplify works made by fans of the author and their appropriate platforms. The methodology used was the search for research based on literary studies, using the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) as a resource, considering 5 theses and/or dissertations as a learning base, which encompass all Assis content. For the research, the following terms were searched: Machado de Assis; influence; current youth; fanfictions and school literature. According to the research, the Brazilian author's writings make up a large part of the literature component in schools, so that students are connected with the author and his works. According to the researchers' observations, several schools use the creation of fanfictions in Portuguese language classes as an evaluation tool, thus using Machado's works as a basis for developing them and obtaining knowledge of the classics of Brazilian literature. Finally, with the information and studies acquired, the article contextualizes aspects of Machado de Assis's works and their use in school literature, in addition to using fanfictions as an activity of interpretation and text creation based on the Brazilian author.resumen: El objetivo general de este artículo es proponer una presentación y análisis de Machado de Assis. Además, los objetivos específicos son: a) exponer algunas de las características más relevantes de Machado de Assis, para este trabajo; b) la presencia de las obras de Machado de Assis en cómic en la escuela actual; c) diálogo con el género fanfiction digital; d) contextualizar y ejemplificar obras realizadas por fanáticos del autor y sus plataformas apropiadas. La metodología utilizada fue la búsqueda de investigaciones basadas en estudios literarios, utilizando como recurso la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones (BDTD), considerando como base de aprendizaje 5 tesis y/o disertaciones, que abarcan todos los contenidos de Assis. Para la investigación se buscaron los siguientes términos: Machado de Assis; influencia; juventud actual; fanfictions y literatura escolar. Según la investigación, los escritos del autor brasileño constituyen gran parte del componente literario en las escuelas, de modo que los estudiantes se conectan con el autor y sus obras. Según observaciones de los investigadores, varias escuelas utilizan la creación de fanfictions en las clases de lengua portuguesa como herramienta de evaluación, utilizando así las obras de Machado como base para desarrollarlas y adquirir conocimiento de los clásicos de la literatura brasileña. Finalmente, con las informaciones y estudios adquiridos, el artículo contextualiza aspectos de la obra de Machado de Assis y su uso en la literatura escolar, además de utilizar los fanfictions como actividad de interpretación y creación de textos a partir del autor brasileño.O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral propor uma apresentação e análise de Machado de Assis. Além disso, os objetivos específicos são: a) expor algumas das características mais relevantes de Machado de Assis, para este trabalho; b) a presença das obras de Machado de Assis em HQ’s na escola atual; c) dialogar com o gênero digital fanfictions; d) contextualizar e exemplificar obras feitas por fãs do autor e suas devidas plataformas. A metodologia usada foi a busca de pesquisa baseadas em estudos literários, tendo como recurso utilizado a Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), sendo consideradas 5 teses e/ou dissertações como base de aprendizado, que englobam todo o conteúdo Assis. Para a pesquisa, foram procurados os seguintes termos: Machado de Assis; influência; juventude atual; fanfictions e literatura escolar. Segundo a pesquisa, os escritos do autor brasileiro compõem uma grande parte do componente de literatura em escolas, de forma que os estudantes estejam conectados com o autor e suas obras. Conforme as observações dos pesquisadores, várias escolas usam como meio avaliativo a criação de fanfictions nas aulas de língua portuguesa, assim, utilizando as obras machadianas como base para desenvolvê-las e obter conhecimento dos clássicos da literatura brasileira. Por fim, com as informações e estudos adquiridos, o artigo contextualiza aspectos das obras de Machado de Assis e seu uso na literatura escolar, além de usar fanfictions como atividade de interpretação e criação de texto com base no autor brasileiro
A química na literatura de Primo Levi: Aspectos filosóficos sobre experimentação, matéria e ofício químico
No full textThe Italian chemist Primo Levi (1919-1987) published a testimonial literature about the period he was captive in Auschwitz, later exploring other literary genres. In his work as a whole, the science-art relationship takes place both in terms of content (when chemistry and scientific knowledge are themes) and form (when the author appropriates the language and logic of science to communicate his experiences, especially those lived in the concentration camp). Three themes related to the chemical universe are present in Levi's writings: experiments, man's relationship with matter and chemistry as a work. In this article, we bring these topics closer to current discussions in the field of philosophy of chemistry. The philosophical discussion and Primo Levi's literature converge on the understanding that experiments assumes a particular role in chemistry, that matter is a central category for this science and that the chemical profession raises ethical questions, such as those related to impacts of the incessant production of new substances.Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, BrazilUniv Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, BR-09210580 Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias & Letras, BR-14800901 Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias & Letras, BR-14800901 Araraquara, SP, Brazi
Towards a Federated Learning Framework on a Multi-Cloud Environment
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes Multi-FedLS, a Cross-silo Federated Learning (FL) framework for a multi-cloud environment aiming at minimizing financial cost as well as execution time. It comprises four modules: Pre-Scheduling, Initial Mapping, Fault Tolerance, and Dynamic Scheduler. Given an application and a multi-cloud environment, the Pre-Scheduling module runs experiments to obtain the expected execution times of the FL tasks and communication delays. The Initial Mapping module receives these computed values and provides a scheduling map for the server and clients' VMs. Finally, Multi-FedLS deploys the selected VMs, starts the FL application, and monitors it. The Fault Tolerance (FT) module includes fault tolerance strategies in the FL application, such as checkpoint and replication, and detects some anomalous behaviors. In case of an unexpected increase in the communication delay or a VM failure, the FT module triggers the Dynamic Scheduler Module in order to select a new VM and resume the concerned tasks of the FL application. Some preliminary experiments are presented, confirming that some proposed strategies are crucial to efficiently execute an FL application on a multi-cloud environment
Evaluating Execution Times and Costs of a Federated Learning Application on different Cloud Providers
No full textNational audienceFederated Learning (FL) is a new area of distributed Machine Learning (ML) that emerged to deal with data privacy concerns. In FL, each client has access to a local private dataset. At every round, a client trains the model with its local dataset and sends the weights to a central server. The latter aggregates all client weights and then sends the final weights back to the clients. This approach is attractive in many domains as it allows multiple institutions to collaborate on an ML task without sharing their data. However, most ML models used in FL have millions of weights exchanged in each message. The messages sent between a client and the server can achieve gigabytes of size and are exchanged several times in the whole FL execution. This work presents a preliminary analysis of execution times and costs of a FL application in a multi-cloud scenario. Experiments were conducted considering executions on the Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud Provider, and also in both cloud providers at the same time
Designing for justice in electricity systems: A comparison of smart grid experiments in the Netherlands
No full textIn future urban energy systems, smart grid systems will be crucial for the integration of renewable energy. However, their deployment has moral implications, for example regarding data privacy, user autonomy, or distribution of responsibilities. ‘Energy justice’ is one of the most comprehensive frameworks to address these implications, but remains limited regarding smart grids, and regarding concrete guidelines for designers and policymakers. In this paper, we fill this gap by answering the following research question: How do design choices in smart grid projects impact energy justice? Thereby, four smart grid pilot projects are evaluated in a comparative qualitative case study research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a content analysis. Our findings contribute to the energy justice literature with insights regarding the design for distributive, recognition, and procedural justice. They underscore the importance of fairness in data governance, participatory design, user control and autonomy, technology inclusiveness, and the design for expansion and replication. Future research should explore the feasibility to govern smart grids as commons and the relationship between trust and perceptions of justice. We conclude with policy recommendations for funding future smart grid experiments and for facilitating the implementation of storage through electricity sector regulation.Economics of Technology and InnovationEthics & Philosophy of Technolog
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