1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Analysis of the Dynamics of Mammary Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity at the Population and Single-Cell Levels
No full textLes cancers du sein « triple négatif » représentent le sous-type dont le pronostic est le plus défavorable. Cette évolution péjorative, liée à une résistance aux traitements conventionnels, est associée à un enrichissement en Cellules Souches Cancéreuses (CSC). De manière intéressante, le modèle de développement tumoral hiérarchique, plaçant les CSC au sommet de la hiérarchie, a été récemment raffiné en modèle de plasticité phénotypique. Dans ce modèle, certaines cellules cancéreuses non-souches (non-CSC) sont capables de réacquérir un phénotype souche cancéreux sous l'effet de contraintes extérieures telles que l'hypoxie, la chimiothérapie ou la radiothérapie, enrichissant d'autant un pool de CSC hautement tumorigènes et résistantes. Ainsi, comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents de cette plasticité des cellules cancéreuses revêt donc une importance capitale pour le développement de thérapies plus efficaces.Ce travail de thèse visait à développer des outils permettant l'étude de la dynamique de conversion entre les phénotypes différencié souche cancéreux. Nous avons, ainsi, mis au point les conditions expérimentales nécessaires au suivi de plusieurs milliers de cellules en culture de manière individuelle par prise d'images en microscopie à fluorescence à intervalles très réguliers sur une période d'au moins cinq jours (time-lapse). À cet effet, nous avons mis à profit un rapporteur de CSC développé au laboratoire basé sur l'activité du promoteur de l'ALDH1A1 contrôlant l'expression d'une protéine de fluorescence mNeptune-TK. Des algorithmes d'analyse spatiale de type fonction de Ripley ont été développés pour comprendre l'organisation spatiale des phénotypes cellulaires. Nous avons pu montrer que les CSC s'agrègent à proximité les unes des autres, tout en maintenant une distance d'environ 100 à 200 µm avec les cellules différenciées.Nous avons ensuite étudié les dynamiques phénotypiques de milliers de cellules. La clusterisation des cellules, basée sur leur profil de fluorescence au cours de leur cycle cellulaire, a permis de mettre en évidence la diversité des dynamiques. Néanmoins, nous avons observé que les évènements de différenciation se produisent principalement lors de la division cellulaire. Nous avons également observé qu'un très faible nombre de cellules non-CSC se convertissent en CSC en l'absence de stimuli externes. De manière intéressante, ces évènements de dédifférenciation semblent avoir une temporalité plus importante en se produisant tout au long du cycle cellulaire.Par combinaison des analyses spatiales et temporelles, nous avons caractérisé les environnements cellulaires permissifs de la dédifférenciation en CSC. Ainsi, les évènements de dédifférenciation semblent être liés à des changements dans l'environnement cellulaire, plus précisément, avec une augmentation du nombre de cellules souches dans leur voisinage.Ces travaux ont donc mis en évidence une organisation dynamique spécifique des CSC mammaires, au sein d'une culture en 2D et en l'absence de traitement, indiquant une régulation intrinsèque de la population cellulaire.Triple-negative breast cancers represent the subtype with the most unfavorable prognosis. This negative outcome, linked to resistance to conventional treatments, is associated with an enrichment of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Interestingly, the tumor development hierarchical model, placing CSCs at the top of the hierarchy, has recently been refined into a model of phenotypic plasticity. In this model, some non-stem cancer cells (non-CSC) are capable of reacquiring a cancer stem phenotype under the influence of external constraints such as hypoxia, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, thereby enriching a pool of highly tumorigenic and resistant CSCs. Thus, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of this cancer cell plasticity is important for the development of more effective therapies.The aim of this thesis was to develop tools for studying the dynamics of conversion between the differentiated phenotype and the cancer stem cell phenotype. We have thus established the experimental conditions necessary for tracking individually several thousand cells in culture by capturing images in fluorescence microscopy at very regular intervals over a period of at least five days (time-lapse). To do this, we used a CSC reporter developed in the laboratory based on the activity of the ALDH1A1 promoter controlling the expression of a mNeptune-TK fluorescence protein. We then adapted spatial analysis algorithms of the Ripley's K function type to understand the spatial organization of cell phenotypes. We were able to show that CSCs aggregate near each other while maintaining a distance of about 100 to 200 µm from differentiated cells.We then studied the phenotypic dynamics of thousands of cells. Clustering cells by their fluorescent profile during the cell cycle revealed the diversity of those dynamics. However, we observed that differentiation events mainly occur during cell division. We also noted that a very small number of non-CSCs convert to CSCs in the absence of external stimuli. Interestingly, these dedifferentiation events seem to have a longer temporality, occurring all along the cell cycle.By combining spatial and temporal analyses, we characterized the cellular environments leading to dedifferentiation into CSCs. Lineage data suggests that dedifferentiation events are related to changes in the cellular environment, more precisely, with an increase in the number of stem cells in their neighbourhood.This work has thus highlighted a specific dynamic organization of mammary CSCs, within a 2D culture and in the absence of treatment, indicating an intrinsic regulation of the cell population
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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