1,720,971 research outputs found
Lobster Ecolabelling
No full textBoth small- and industrial-scale lobster fisheries were among the first wild-catch fisheries to have been certified and ecolabelled. This chapter reviews the basic principles of ecolabelling as it applies to lobster fisheries and aquaculture, and describes the global trends in the certification of farmed and wild-catch spiny and clawed lobsters. We describe the four extant lobster fisheries certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), and discuss issues raised by the MSC assessment process. We discuss the motivations of the different actors with an interest in lobster ecolabelling, and provide an example set of criteria to guide a benchmarking assessment (relative comparison) of the performance of a selected set of aquaculture ecolabelling systems. Our analysis revealed that among the systems we considered there are at least five major weaknesses that need corrective attention to provide for more robust assessment and ecolabelling systems for lobsters – a lack of consistency, limited transparency, lack of explicit standards, imprecise technical specifications and limited capacity for verification. We found that that the costs and benefits from ecolabelling are strongly differentiated across the scales, and particularly with respect to the environmental and social benefits derived from the certification assessment process and outcomes. The lack of global consistency and accuracy across certification schemes, and the dynamics of the certification marketplace, have important but different consequences across the scales, leading to different and often unrealistic expectations from both fishers/producers and consumers. Without correction, this will lead to eventual decay in the value of ecolabelling systems for all seafoods
Lobsters as Part of Marine Ecosystems – A Review
No full textLobsters are the focus of valuable fisheries worldwide; they are often regional icons, and mainly because of this are among the most researched animals on earth. As fishery management moves globally from a single-species to an ecosystem-based emphasis, it remains important to understand the role of species functions in marine ecosystems. Despite the wealth of research on lobsters, our understanding of their role in marine ecosystems is patchy. As mid-trophic-level consumers, lobsters function in the transfer of energy and materials from primary producers and primary consumers to apex predators. They are large-bodied and conspicuous, and can comprise a considerable proportion of the collective consumer biomass. Still, the nature and strength of interactions, and the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up effects to their productivity is murky. Australia, the USA, the European Union, Canada and New Zealand are beginning to implement ecosystem-based fishery management. Here, we review two case studies from dramatically contrasting ecosystems: the spiny (rock) lobster Panulirus cygnus in subtropical Western Australia, and the American lobster Homarus americanus in cool temperate eastern North America. Our analysis identifies knowledge gaps and takes a first step in evaluating the consequences of differing ecosystem-based management approaches to these and other lobster fisheries
Panulirus Species
No full textSpiny lobsters are among the most valuable species in the world’s oceans. Because of this they have been a focus of research and several have become among the most studied exploited marine animals. Commercial fisheries exist wherever they occur and because they are generally shallow water species they have been subject to intensive fishing worldwide. The maintenance of the sustainability of the fisheries for spiny lobsters has seen wide - ranging research programs conducted over many years including studies of the biology and ecology of the lobsters and the environments and habitats in which they occur. This chapter concentrates on changes and developments in Panulirus lobster fisheries since 2006, as part of the ongoing quest for sustainable management of existing fisheries as well as increased production through enhancement and aquaculture. Important species including Panulirus cygnus, Panulirus argus, Panulirus interruptus and Panulirus ornatus are given special attention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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