15,464 research outputs found
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
TMDL: Lake Edgar Brown - Stations Cl-064 & Cl-065
No full textThe federal Clean Water Act (CWA) directs each state to review the quality of its waters every two years to determine if water quality standards are being met. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is a written plan and analysis to determine the maximum pollutant load a waterbody can receive and still meet applicable water quality standards. This TMDL document details phosphorus loads for Lake Edgar Brown: Stations Cl-064 & Cl-065. Hydrologic Unit: 03050207020
α1-Adrenergic stimulation of Cl− efflux in isolated brown adipocytes
No full textAbstractUnidirectional 36Cl− efflux from preloaded isolated brown adipocytes was studied. A norepinephrine-stimulated 36Cl− efflux pathway was found which approximately doubled the rate of 36Cl− efflux from the cells. The response to norepinephrine was fully inhibited by the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, but was unaffected by the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, showing that norepinephrine stimulated the 36Cl− efflux pathway via the α1-adrenoceptor. The stimulation of 36Cl− efflux could not be mimicked by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, indicating that the effect was not mediated by elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ level. It is concluded that brown fat cells possess a specific mechanism for α1-adrenergic stimulation of Cl− efflux. The possibility is discussed that this Cl− efflux pathway could be the basis for the early α-adrenergic depolarization seen in brown fat cells
Phylogenetic analysis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA’s indicates multiple independent occurrences of the common mutations
No full textThe mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) from 17 Caucasian 11778-positive and 30 Caucasian 11778-negative Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients were PCR-amplified and subjected to high resolution restriction endonuclease analysis. Concurrently, all patient mtDNAs were screened for the common primary LHON mtDNA mutations at nucleotide pairs (nps) 3460, 11778, and 14484, the ambiguous intermediate-risk LHON mtDNA mutations at nps 5244 and 15257, and the secondary LHON mtDNA mutations at nps 3394, 4216, 4917, 7444, 13708, and 15812. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mtDNA haplotype data from the 47 LHON patients and 175 non-LHON Caucasian controls. The superimposition of the LHON mutation screening results upon the Caucasian mtDNA phylogeny revealed (1) 35 different LHON haplotypes, (2) that all three common primary mutations have occurred multiple times in Caucasians, (3) that while recurrent mutation is common for the primary mutations, secondary mutations tend to be lineage-specific, (4) that the np 15257 mutation was confined to a single mtDNA lineage but may be etiologically important in some LHON cases since it was found in a LHON pedigree which lacked a common primary mutation; complete sequence analysis of the proband mtDNA revealed only a single other candidate missense mutation (at np 10663 of the ND4L gene) of uncertain pathological significance; and (5) that the np 14484 mutation may be less pathogenic than either the np 3460 or np 11778 mutations, as this mutation most commonly occurred on a single mtDNA lineage and almost always in association with secondary LHON mutations. A phylogenetic approach to this genetically heterogeneous disease has thus provided key genetic data bearing on the relative pathogenicity of the LHON-associated mtDNA mutations
Proton secretion in the male reproductive tract: involvement of Cl--independent HCO-3 transport
No full textThe lumen of the epididymis is the site where spermatozoa undergo their final maturation and acquire the capacity to become motile. An acidic luminal fluid is required for the maintenance of sperm quiescence and for the prevention of premature activation of acrosomal enzymes during their storage in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens. We have previously demonstrated that a vacuolar H+-ATPase [proton pump (PP)] is present in the apical pole of apical and narrow cells in the caput epididymis and of clear cells in the corpus and cauda epididymis and that this PP is responsible for the majority of proton secretion in the proximal vas deferens. We now show that PP-rich cells in the vas deferens express a high level of carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII) and that acetazolamide markedly inhibits the rate of proton secretion by 46.2 +/- 6.1%. The rate of acidification was independent of Cl- and was strongly inhibited by SITS under both normal and Cl--free conditions (50.6 +/- 5.0 and 57. 5 +/- 6.0%, respectively). In the presence of Cl-, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) had no effect, whereas SITS inhibited proton secretion by 63.7 +/- 11.3% when applied together with DPC. In Cl--free solution, DPC markedly inhibited proton efflux by 45.1 +/- 7.6%, SITS produced an additional inhibition of 18.2 +/- 6.6%, and bafilomycin had no additive effect. In conclusion, we propose that CAII plays a major role in proton secretion by the proximal vas deferens. Acidification does not require the presence of Cl-, but DPC-sensitive Cl- channels might contribute to basolateral extrusion of HCO-3 under Cl--free conditions. The inhibition by SITS observed under both normal and Cl--free conditions indicates that a Cl-/HCO-3 exchanger is not involved and that an alternative HCO-3 transporter participates in proton secretion in the proximal vas deferens
Global expression analysis of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyceae) reveals large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome in response to abiotic stress
No full textDittami SM, Scornet D, Petit J-L, et al. Global expression analysis of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyceae) reveals large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome in response to abiotic stress. Genome Biology. 2009;10(6):R66.Background: Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are phylogenetically distant from red and green algae and an important component of the coastal ecosystem. They have developed unique mechanisms that allow them to inhabit the intertidal zone, an environment with high levels of abiotic stress. Ectocarpus siliculosus is being established as a genetic and genomic model for the brown algal lineage, but little is known about its response to abiotic stress. Results: Here we examine the transcriptomic changes that occur during the short term acclimation of E. siliculosus to three different abiotic stress conditions (hyposaline, hypersaline and oxidative stress). Our results show that almost 70% of the expressed genes are regulated in response to at least one of these stressors. Although there are several common elements with terrestrial plants, such as repression of growth-related genes, switching from primary production to protein and nutrient recycling processes, and induction of genes involved in vesicular trafficking, many of the stress-regulated genes are either not known to respond to stress in other organisms or are have been found exclusively in E. siliculosus. Conclusions: This first large-scale transcriptomic study of a brown alga demonstrates that, unlike terrestrial plants, E. siliculosus undergoes extensive reprogramming of its transcriptome during the acclimation to mild abiotic stress. We identify several new genes and pathways with a putative function in the stress response and thus pave the way for more detailed investigations of the mechanisms underlying the stress tolerance of brown algae
Public School, Claremont, Brown County
No full text35 mm slide, a two-story brick school with a basement and decorative flat arch windowsAS-HP1:D2; Brown - Brule; Claremont Twp;Kodachrome Slide Claremont School CL-1 BN-CL 21 Aug 88F0
Public School, Claremont, Brown County
No full text35 mm slide, a two-story brick school connected to a QuonsetAS-HP1:D2; Brown - Brule; Claremont Twp;Kodachrome Slide Claremont School CL-1 BN-CL 22 Aug 88F0
Public School, Claremont, Brown County
No full text35 mm slide, a brick Quonset with a garage door and trash barrels on the sideAS-HP1:D2; Brown - Brule; Claremont Twp;Kodachrome Slide Claremont School CL-1 BN-CL 23 Aug 88F0
Public School, Claremont, Brown County
No full text35 mm slide, a two-story brick school with a basement, decorative flat arch windows and a sign that says "Public School"AS-HP1:D2; Brown - Brule; Claremont Twp;Kodachrome Slide Claremont School CL-1 BN-CL 25 Aug 88F0
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