92 research outputs found
A Neural Network Model of Inhibitory Processing in Subliminal Priming
No full textMasked Priming Experiments have revealed a precise set of facilitatory and inhibitory visual-motor control processes. Most notably, inhibitory effects have been identified in which prime-target compatibility induces performance costs and prime-target incompatibility induces performance benefits. We argue that this profile of data is commensurate with an ?emergency braking mechanism?, whereby responses can be retracted as a result of changing sensory evidence. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a neural network based explanation of this phenomenon. This is obtained through the use of feedforward inhibition to implement backward masking, lateral inhibition to implement response competition and opponent processing mechanisms to implement response retraction. Although the model remains simple, it does a very good job of reproducing the available masked priming data. For example, it reproduces a large spectrum of reaction time data across a number of different experimental conditions. Perhaps most notably however, it also reproduces Lateralized Readiness Potentials that have been recorded while subjects perform different conditions. In addition, it provides a concrete set of testable predictions
Object-substitution masking modulates spatial attention deployment and the encoding of information in visual short-term memory: insights from occipito-parietal ERP components
No full textIf object-substitution masking (OSM) arises from mask representations replacing target representations, OSM should impede the formation of representations in visual short-term memory (VSTM). We utilized event-related potentials to examine the effect of OSM on target processing. An N2pc was observed on trials with delayed-offset masks, indicating that focused attention was directed to the target. The sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), an index of VSTM storage, was observed in delayed-offset trials only on trials with correct responses. This supports the hypothesis that inaccurate performance on delayed-offset trials arises from a failure to encode the target in VSTM. On co-termination trials, accuracy was high and neither the N2pc nor SPCN was observed. This indicates that, in the absence of masking, the task was accomplished by maintaining a diffuse attentional state that enabled the joint encoding of the potential target items
Three Perspectives on Partition. A Hindu, Muslim and Western View on the Decolonization of India and Founding of Pakistan
No full textPostcolonialism assumes that knowledge is not simply a mirror which represents the real, but is rather a potent force that shapes our reality. This assumption informs this thesis by comparing historic books on the decolonization of India from a Hindu, Muslim and Western perspective. The discourse of their works are compared within a deconstructive discourse framework and related to postcolonial theories concerning: Eurocentrism, Orientalism, Occidentalism, Violence and Psychanalysis. The discourse of the authors shows great diversity on the decolonization of India and founding of Pakistan. The authors deviate in their descriptions on the years preceding inde-pendence, the transfer of power in 1947 and the consequences of decolonization. The Western authors (Lapierre & Collins, 1975) pay most attention to the year 1947; just before the transfer of power, whereas the Hindu author (Mahajan, 2000) analyzes British-Indian relations pre-1947 and the Muslim author (Abid, 2013) devotes much discourse on the consequences of independence. Secondly, the postcolonial literature concerning Eurocentrism and Orientalism are confirmed in the Western book. Their view contrasts with the Hindu and Muslim discourse on colonialism which is imbued with occidental generalizations. Furthermore, the authors differ in their books on de-scriptions of violence. The Western authors portray violence during- and after decolonization as barbaric, whereas the subaltern authors conclude that violence broke out as emancipatory acts to counter British colonial rule
[Diary entry, 2/8/1939].
No full textThis diary entry (translation from German original) was written on February 8, 1939, just ten days before Mia Parsonnet's family was about to leave Vienna for good. It sums up the three years that had passed after she had written her last diary entry. The first memories cover vacations in the Austrian countryside, followed by the entrance exams for the Academy of Music in Vienna. But the main part of the diary entry is about the events of the "Anschluss" in March 1938, and its consequences--the persecution, imprisonment of family members. Mia Parsonnet remembers in detail listening to Czech radio during the "Czechoslovak Crisis" when Czechoslovakia initiated a partial mobilization in response to rumours of German troop movements. The next threatening event was the pogrom in November 1938, the "Kristallnacht". Mia Parsonnet provides a detailed and intriguing account of the events when the Gestapo tried to get hold of her father who was hiding in the basement. On February 1, 1939, the torture was nearly over for Mia Parsonnet--she got her affidavit for the USA.Victor Parsonnet, M D., 10/17/2002Mia Parsonnet, nee Eimer, was born in Vienna on 01/19/1923. Mia and her family fled from Austria on February 16, 1939, and immigrated to the United States 2 weeks later. She was 16 years old by that time. They continued from their first stop, New York City, immediately to Los Angeles where she went to high school. She then went to UCLA, and eventually obtained her M.D. at the Women's Medical College in Pennsylvania. She married Victor Parsonnet in 1950. She had three children and five grandchildren. She was an internist, an author on food stuffs, a pianist, an artist and a "wonderful wife" as her husband Victor Parsonnet, M.D. points out. She died in 2002.Czechoslovakia; history; 1933-1945Antisemitism--Austri
An ERP investigation of premotor sensory activity and response control in adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder.
No full textWithin the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) literature the primary research focus has been directed towards children with DCD. Little has been investigated regarding the long term prognosis of these individuals with regards to the impact of the disorder in later life. Also, previous investigations and resulting suggestions of underlying aetiology have been based on behavioural data of poor performance with few studies examining the underlying biological considerations. Thus, the research within this thesis had two key aims. The first being to examine underlying processes associated with adaptive and goal directed movement in a sample of adults with DCD. The second aim was to provide biological evidence for the continued difficulties of adults with DCD.
Previous work in the area of cognitive psychology has identified distinct sensory and motor control functions as hallmarks of efficient and adaptive movement. This thesis explores the underlying sensory and motor control abilities of adults with DCD. There were two key aspects of this thesis with the first consisting of an investigation into the manner in which adults with DCD utilize sensory functions as a consequence of movement preparation. The secondary portion of this thesis focused on two key aspects of response modulation, the ability to effectively activate cortical regions underpinning effector response and response inhibition. Both aspects of the thesis drew methodological influences from the field of electroencephalography. This approach provided direct biological measurement of both sensory and response related activity.
The data obtained within this thesis provides evidence that adults with DCD do in fact demonstrate both atypical behavioural and biological functions during manual response activity. Chapter 4 highlighted key behavioural findings identifying that the DCD group demonstrates continued difficulty with accurate movement compared to typically developing peers. Chapters 5 and 6 focused on sensory activity as a consequence of movement preparation. The findings from these chapters suggest that adults with DCD present with maladaptive early sensory processing functions required for accurate movement output. Findings from the later chapters investigating response related activity suggest that adults with DCD experience difficulty with both measures of response activation and inhibition.
In summary, these findings suggest that adults with DCD experience an array of sensorimotor and response related difficulties vital to adaptive goal directed movement. Importantly, the findings presented within this thesis are the first to present direct biological based evidence for continued difficulties in a sample of adults with DCD. Conclusions are discussed in relation to previous research along with the possible influences these findings have in behaviour. The limitations of the current research and suggestions for future work are also considered
A Multilab Investigation into the N2pc as an Indicator of Attentional Selectivity: Direct Replication of Eimer (1996)
No full textLuque, David/0000-0002-3457-9204; Constant, Martin/0000-0001-9574-0674The N2pc is widely employed as an electrophysiological marker of an attention allocation. This interpretation was largely driven by the observation of an N2pc elicited by an isolated relevant target object, which was reported as Experiment 2 in Eimer (1996). All subsequent refined interpretations of the N2pc had to take this crucial finding into account. Despite its central role for neurocognitive attention research, there have been no direct replications and only few conceptual replications of this seminal work. Within the context of #EEGManyLabs, an international community-driven effort to replicate the most influential EEG studies ever published, the present study was selected due to its strong impact on the study of selective attention. We revisit the idea of the N2pc being an indicator of attentional selectivity by delivering a high powered direct replication of Eimer's work through analysis of 779 datasets acquired from 22 labs across 14 countries. Our results robustly replicate the N2pc to form stimuli, but a direct replication of the N2pc to color stimuli technically failed. We believe that this pattern not only sheds further light on the functional significance of the N2pc as an electrophysiological marker of attentional selectivity, but also highlights a methodological problem with selecting analysis windows a priori. By contrast, the consistency of observed ERP patterns across labs and analysis pipelines is stunning, and this consistency is preserved even in datasets that were rejected for (ocular) artifacts, attesting to the robustness of the ERP technique and the feasibility of large-scale multilab EEG (replication) studies. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).DFG [RTG 2175]; UK Research and Innovation Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/X008428/1]; BP - National Science Center of Poland [2016/22/E/HS6/00139]; Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at Jagiellonian University [221.6120.49.2023, PID2021-126767NB-I00]; Junta de Andaluci; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-18-10CE-0001]; UKRI BBSRC [BB/X008428/1]; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) [NIHR203331]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [32271078]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) - Ministry of Science, Research and Cultural Affairs of the State of Brandenburg [10001E_21951]; Swiss National Science Foundation; University of Essex Department of Psychology Research Promotion Fund#EEGManyLabs is funded by the DFG (PA 4005/1-1) , provided to YGP and a UK Research and Innovation Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council award (BB/X008428/1) to FM. Lead Replicating Senior Author (HRL) and First Author are funded by the DFG (LI 2868/3-1) . AM is funded by the DFG (RTG 2175) . DA, BP and IK are funded by the National Science Center of Poland (grant 2016/22/E/HS6/00139) , and the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at Jagiellonian University (grant 221.6120.49.2023) . DL is funded by the MCIN/AEI (PID2021-126767NB-I00) and the Junta de Andaluc & imath;a (PROYEX-CEL_00287) . AD is funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-18-10CE-0001) . FM is supported in part by a UKRI BBSRC award (BB/X008428/1) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (NIHR203331) . The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. LC is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271078) . RJI is funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) . KJ is funded by the Ministry of Science, Research and Cultural Affairs of the State of Brandenburg. DK is supported by grant No. 10001E_21951 from the Swiss National Science Foundation. MY and HG received funding by the University of Essex Department of Psychology Research Promotion Fund for this study.Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
Beneficios físicos, mentales y sociales de la práctica del porrismo : una revisión documental
No full textEl porrismo es un deporte de conjunto cuya práctica en Colombia se ha intensificado a nivel de clubes, escolar y universitario desde la creación de la Federación Colombiana de Porrismo (2017), lo anterior, llevó al autor como futuro formador y entrenador, a preguntarse sobre los beneficios que esta práctica puede traer a sus deportistas y cómo estos pueden influir en la formación de seres integrales. Como resultados se logró obtener evidencia de que el porrismo genera beneficios a nivel social, mental y físico, pues ayuda al desarrollo de habilidades blandas, valores, influye positivamente en los hábitos de estudio de sus practicantes y según el método de entrenamiento que se utilice, mejora la potencia de extremidades superiores e inferiores y mejora la flexibilidad, lo cual deja como conclusión que la práctica de este deporte si genera múltiples beneficios, aunque la cantidad de investigaciones realizadas en esta área son escasas, por lo cual se concluye con la recomendación de impulsar el desarrollo de investigaciones alrededor del porrismo y que correlacionen los beneficios físicos con los mentales o los sociales.Cheerleading is a team sport whose practice in Colombia has intensified at club, school and university level since the creation of the Colombian cheerleading federation (2017), the above, led the author as a future trainer and coach to wonder about the benefits that this practice can bring to his athletes and how these can influence in the formation of integrals human beings.
The results obtained show evidence of the social, mental, and physical benefits of cheerleading since it helps to develop soft skill, human values, has positive influence in study habits and depending on the training method used, it can increase upper and lower body power and the flexibility. Which carries to the conclusion that practicing this sport do have multiple benefits,
although the amount of research is not enough, so the recommendation is to continue promoting the development of studies around cheerleading and correlate the physical benefits with mental or social ones.PregradoLicenciado en Educación Físic
Nonionoides n. gen. demens (Bık, 1964), eine bisher verkannte Foraminiferenart aus dem Aquitan des Mainzer Beckens
No full textInvestigations on the systematic position of the foraminifer generally refered
to as Hastigerina demens known from the Aquitanian of the Mayence basin have shown,
that a new classification has to be made.
Based on the shown protoforamina the species has to be considered as belonging to the
family Polystomellidae EIMER & FICKERT, 1899. The aberrant test of the species which above
all appears in the evolute arrangement of the chambers, has induced the author to
place the species in a new genus Nonionoides n. gen.
For N. demens a benthonic way of life has to be assumed. Therefore no autochthon
planctonic living foraminifers are known from the Hydrobia beds and Corbicula beds of the
Mainz basin.researc
- …
