1,721,128 research outputs found
Water Column Monitoring 2014: Determining the biological effects of an offshore platform on local fish populations
Full text linkThe biological effects of an offshore oil platform on local fish populations were assessed as part of the Water Column Monitoring (WCM) programme for 2014. The Njord A platform was chosen as the study location, which was not in operation and had no current discharge of produced water. Demersal fish species were targeted since they were believed to be less likely to migrate away from the platform than pelagic fish. By targeting organisms deeper in the water column and selecting a platform currently not in operation, the impact of drill cuttings and other sediment sources including leakages from well deposits were the main sources of contamination.
Wild fish including ling (Molva molva), tusk (Brosme brosme), redfish (Sebastes sp.) and saithe (Pollachius virens) were caught with baited rod and line from within the 500 m safety zone of the Njord A platform during the summer of 2014. Reference fish were caught on a separate research cruise by trawling from a region of the Norwegian Sea less impacted by oil and gas activities. Limited numbers of reference ling were obtained and the reference data for ling collected from the North Sea as part of the WCM2013 programme were used for comparison of the biomarker responses.
Contaminant body burden and a suite of biological effects endpoints were measured in all fish groups and included DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks by comet assay, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition, ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD), vitellogenin (VTG), lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), liver and gill histopathology, PAH metabolites, and PAH body burden. The biomarker data were integrated using the integrated biological response index (IBR/n). Despite low and/or undetected concentrations of PAH and PAH metabolites in fish fillet and bile respectively significant responses in AChE, comet and DNA adducts were found. The biomarker responses indicated exposure to both neurotoxic and genotoxic chemicals in fish inhabiting the lower water column with influence from sediment sources around the Njord A platform. Integration of the biomarker responses (IBR/n) found that all four fish species that were caught from around the platform had markedly higher IBR/n values than their respective reference population. The study shows the advantage of using a suite of biomarkers for assessing the biological effects of low concentrations of complex mixtures with biological effects observed despite low concentrations of PAH measured.Norwegian Oil and Gas, represented by Statoil AS
The Water Column Monitoring Programme 2013: Determining the biological effects of two offshore platforms on local fish populations
Full text link-The biological effects of two offshore oil platforms on local fish populations were assessed as part of the Water Column
Monitoring (WCM) programme for 2013. Wild fish were caught with baited rod and line from within the 500 m safety zone
of the Veslefrikk and Oseberg Sør platforms during the summer of 2013. Ling, tusk and saithe were caught and sampled
from the Veslefrikk platform, whilst haddock, whiting and saithe were caught from the Oseberg Sør platform. Reference fish
were caught on a separate research cruise by trawling from a region of the North Sea less impacted by oil and gas activities
(around Egersund bank). Reference tusk were not obtained by trawl but caught by local fishermen from a coastal fjord using
long line. Contaminant body burden and a suite of biological effects endpoints were measured in all fish groups and included
DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks by comet assay, acetylcholine esterase inhibition (AChE), ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase
levels (EROD), lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), histology, PAH metabolites, and PAH body burden. The biomarker
data were integrated using the integrated biological response index (IBR/n). Biological responses were observed in fish
species from both platforms compared to their respective reference groups with highest responses observed in tusk from the
Veslefrikk platform.Norsk Oil and Gas, represented by Statoil AS
The Water Column Monitoring Programme 2013: Determining the biological effects of two offshore platforms on local fish populations
No full textThe biological effects of two offshore oil platforms on local fish populations were assessed as part of the Water Column
Monitoring (WCM) programme for 2013. Wild fish were caught with baited rod and line from within the 500 m safety zone
of the Veslefrikk and Oseberg Sør platforms during the summer of 2013. Ling, tusk and saithe were caught and sampled
from the Veslefrikk platform, whilst haddock, whiting and saithe were caught from the Oseberg Sør platform. Reference fish
were caught on a separate research cruise by trawling from a region of the North Sea less impacted by oil and gas activities
(around Egersund bank). Reference tusk were not obtained by trawl but caught by local fishermen from a coastal fjord using
long line. Contaminant body burden and a suite of biological effects endpoints were measured in all fish groups and included
DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks by comet assay, acetylcholine esterase inhibition (AChE), ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase
levels (EROD), lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), histology, PAH metabolites, and PAH body burden. The biomarker
data were integrated using the integrated biological response index (IBR/n). Biological responses were observed in fish
species from both platforms compared to their respective reference groups with highest responses observed in tusk from the
Veslefrikk platform
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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