1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Three dimensional spheroids and gold nanoparticles in combined cancer therapy
Full text linkOne of the major issues in cancer radiotherapy (RT) is normal tissue toxicity.
Introduction of radiosensitizers like gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into cancer cells to
enhance the local RT dose is a promising technique that is being explored. However,
a large portion of experimentation involving GNPs has been done in simple two-dimensional (2D) monolayer models that cannot properly encapsulate the complex
heterogeneous interactions that occur in vivo. By introducing an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model that better mimics the tumour microenvironment (TME),
we can more rapidly facilitate a quicker translation of various treatment technologies
like GNPs to the clinic. Further, clinical trials show that the chemotherapy drug
docetaxel (DTX) given in conjunction with RT can improve survival in high-risk
cancers. Addition of GNPs to this current DTX/RT protocol is expected to further
improve therapeutic benefits. Elucidation of a combined therapy of GNPs, DTX, and
RT to optimize treatment can better improve patient outcome and reduce normal
tissue toxicity by specifically targeting tumours and is completely novel research.
The work in this dissertation explores the application of GNPs to various elements
that are present in a TME. Many cell types are present in TME and contribute in
different ways to the proliferation of cancer. One of these cell lines, cancer associated
fibroblasts (CAFs), which can promote tumour growth and metastasis, was compared
to cancer epithelial cells and normal fibroblasts (FBs). Hence, we used FBs and CAFs
to evaluate the differences in GNP uptake and resulting radiation induced damage.
It was found that the CAFs had a much larger uptake of GNPs relative to the other
cells, with on average 265% more GNPs relative to cervical cancer cells while FBs
had only 7.55% the uptake of the tumour cells and 2.87% the uptake of CAFs. This
translated to increases in 53BP1-related DNA damage foci in CAFs (13.5%) and
tumour cells (9.8%) along with FBs (8.8%), compared to control with RT treatment.
This difference in DNA damage due to selective targeting of cancer associated cells
over normal cells may allow GNPs to be an effective tool in future cancer RT to battle
normal tissue toxicity while improving local RT dose to the tumour.
To expedite a quicker clinical translation, 3D tumor spheroid models were optimized and compared to 2D monolayer. The uptake of various sizes of GNPs was
tested on monolayer and spheroids to evaluate the differences between a 2D and 3D
model in similar conditions. Moreover, combined treatment of GNPs with DTX was
introduced and how they effect the uptake of the GNPs was elucidated.iv
In the 2D monolayer model, the addition of DTX induced a small increase of
uptake of GNPs of between 13% and 24%, while in the 3D spheroid model, DTX
increased uptake by between 47% and 186%. It was observed that the more complex
spheroid, which introduces an extracellular matrix, had larger uptake and penetration
of smaller GNPs (15 nm) relative to larger GNPs (50 nm). Moreover, while the
addition of DTX had a beneficial effect on the uptake of GNPs into cells, it also
synchronized the cells into a radiosensitive cell cycle phase. This translated to a larger
effect when radiation was introduced, in a combined treatment modality with GNP,
DTX, and RT. In spheroids, the addition of GNPs to the treatment regime decreased
the surviving tumour cells by 16-32% compared to samples not treated with GNPs.
Further, the addition of DTX seems to synergistically increase damage in some cancer
cell lines. This work highlights the necessity to optimize GNP treatment conditions in
a more realistic tumor-like environment. A 3D spheroid model can capture important
details which are absent from a simple 2D monolayer model.Graduat
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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