1,721,006 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
How do mothers do time? Examining differences in maternal identity construction during imprisonment
No full textWomen comprise the fastest growing segment of the prison population in Australia, especially First Nations women. Many imprisoned women are mothers. Imprisonment interferes with maternal identity by impeding a mother’s ability to perform her maternal role and affecting her maternal status and selfconcept (Arditti & Few, 2008, Foster, 2011a, Easterling & Feldmeyer, 2017). Mothers can suffer significant distress as a result, and the relationship between mothers and their children can be adversely impacted (Aaron & Dallaire, 2010; Dallaire, 2007; Poehlmann et al., 2010). There is, however, variation in the way that mothers experience imprisonment. In particular, maternal experiences appear to be shaped by mothers’ social and institutional contexts, their personal characteristics and agency, and their maternal histories (Enos, 2001; Kreager et al., 2010; Lockwood, 2013). Few studies have examined how these factors work interactively to shape maternal identities in prison or what aspects characterise variation among imprisoned mothers.
In this study, I examined differences in maternal identity construction among imprisoned mothers, drawing on maternal narratives obtained from semi-structured interviews with 60 mothers imprisoned in Queensland, Australia in 2012-2013. I employed identity theory, together with developmental systems and life course perspectives, to frame this examination. The theories supported an exploration of difference across three key dimensions of maternal identity (role performance, self-concept, and support for role commitment) and an examination of the interplay between the three dimensions that shaped different maternal identities during imprisonment. In addition, the theories focused attention on differences in mothers’ maternal experiences prior to imprisonment that might also have bearing on the construction of maternal identity during imprisonment.
My analysis revealed that the imprisoned mothers in my study were a heterogeneous group, who were ‘doing time’ as mothers in several different ways. I identified four different maternal identity narratives: loss; maintenance; deferential ambivalence; and transformation. These were characterised by differences in the maternal objectives articulated by mothers, which were also connected to differences in their performance of their maternal roles and in their maternal self-concept during imprisonment. The way that maternal identities were safeguarded, supported, or impeded by others prior to and during imprisonment also shaped different constructions of identity during imprisonment. For example, some mothers were concentrated on maintaining an already well-established maternal identity during imprisonment. Some were primarily trying to cope with trauma and loss arising from their maternal histories. Others exercised little maternal authority during imprisonment but relied instead on family to facilitate and support their maternal identity and relationships. This helped explain differences in role performance among the mothers and reflected variation in their maternal self-concept and agency. It also demonstrated the importance of social and institutional contexts in shaping and providing space for maternal identities to flourish, both in prison and over time.
My study highlighted the existence of heterogeneity among maternal identity constructions in prison and allowed the contours of this heterogeneity to be traced and understood. The study drew attention to differences in the way that each dimension of identity manifested among imprisoned women, and how each dimension of identity operated interactively with the others to produce different maternal identity constructions during imprisonment. In doing so, the study adds to many aspects of existing knowledge about imprisoned mothers’ experiences relevant to each dimension - role performance; selfconcept; and support for role commitment - but it also provides new insights into how dimensions of identity operate interactively to shape a mother’s identity construction during imprisonment. A particular contribution of my study is the light it shines on how maternal identity construction during imprisonment is shaped by mothers’ maternal histories prior to imprisonment.
Beyond its contribution to the research base, the study has important implications for policy and practice. The study highlights how prison is fundamentally deleterious to maternal identities across multiple dimensions and in doing so it provides insight into the range of supports that might be relevant for different kinds of mothers who come into contact with the criminal justice system. It highlights the need to design interventions (both in prison and beyond) that take into account the interactional and accumulative dynamics of maternal self-concept that are in play, in addition to addressing the various practical needs of different mothers to engage in maternal role performance. It promotes the need for more effective support for at-risk mothers and their families earlier in life to address risk factors and to promote existing strengths.
Importantly, the study prompts policy and practice to move beyond understanding ‘mother’ as a status, and to instead recognise motherhood as a complex and dynamic identity that is challenging for many imprisoned mothers, for many different reasons.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Crim & Crim JusticeArts, Education and LawFull Tex
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Intimate Partner Violence around the Time of Pregnancy: A Public Health Challenge
No full textIntimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is known to have multiple detrimental consequences for the health and welfare of the mother, the developing fetus and the newborn infant. While results from past research suggest much continuity of IPV, it is unclear whether pregnancy interrupts or augments these patterns. Furthermore, the influence of pregnancy may depend on the type of IPV women experience. Little is known about how physical, sexual, and psychological IPV changes and overlaps throughout a woman’s transition to parenthood. Given the potentially profound effects that IPV during pregnancy can have on the physical and mental wellbeing of women and their children, it is important to understand the impact of IPV on pregnant women’s health-seeking behaviour in low and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. It is also unclear how the experience of IPV before, during, and after pregnancy affects women’s psychological health during the postpartum period. Additionally, IPV during pregnancy may compromise women’s exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) efforts, which can further compromise the health of their newborn. Understanding the patterns, correlates and consequences of IPV around the time of pregnancy has important theoretical and clinical implications. The present study, therefore, examines the prevalence, co-occurring nature, changing patterns, potential correlates for; and the consequences of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV around the time of pregnancy amongst a sample of women in Bangladesh.
Cross-sectional survey data were collected between October 2015 and January 2016 in the Chandpur district of Bangladesh from 426 new mothers, aged 15–49 years, who had at least one child six months of age or younger. Postpartum mothers who visited vaccination centres to receive their children’s vaccinations constitute the sampling frame. IPV was assessed with a validated set of survey items. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between IPV and the outcome variables, adjusted for socio-demographic, obstetric and reproductive, and psycho-socio-cultural confounding factors.
The results indicate a notable continuity in IPV victimisation before, during, and after pregnancy. Physical IPV is the only type to exhibit a significant reduction during pregnancy and post-partum, compared to before pregnancy, but it commonly overlaps with psychological IPV, which shows little change throughout this period. The prevalence of physical IPV before, during, and after pregnancy was 52.8%, 35.2%, and 32.2%, respectively. The comparative figures for psychological IPV were 67.4%, 65%, and 60.8%, and for sexual IPV were 21.1%, 18.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. Physical violence appears to diminish slightly during and after pregnancy. At the same time, pregnancy and childbirth offer little protection against IPV for women in relationships characterized by psychological or sexual victimisation, both of which commonly overlap with physical IPV. Furthermore, physical and/or psychological IPV prior to pregnancy are important risk markers for continued exposure during pregnancy and beyond.
Women who report limited social support and have controlling husbands are at significantly increased risk for all three types of IPV during pregnancy. Women who cling to traditional gender roles and those with low self-esteem exhibit increased risk for physical and psychological IPV during pregnancy. Psychological IPV during pregnancy is also correlated with low decision-making autonomy and childhood exposure to violence. Women whose husbands demand a dowry at marriage are at increased risk of sexual IPV during pregnancy.
Almost 70% of the women surveyed reported patterns consistent with delayed entry into prenatal care. Accounting for the influence of other covariates, women who experienced physical IPV during pregnancy were 2.61 times more likely (95% CI [1.33–5.09]) to have delayed entry into prenatal care than their counterparts who did not report physical IPV. Neither sexual nor psychological IPV victimisation during pregnancy was linked with late entry into prenatal care. Both gender role attitudes and levels of autonomy mediate the effect of IPV on prenatal care. The results suggest that the high rates of IPV in Bangladesh have effects that can compromise women’s health-seeking behaviour during pregnancy, putting them and their developing fetus at risk.
Approximately 35.2% of this particular group of women experienced postpartum depression (PPD) within the first six months following childbirth. The odds of PPD, controlling for confounders, were significantly greater among women who reported exposure to physical (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI [1.25–3.43]), sexual (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI [1.14–4.45]) or psychological (AOR: 6.92, 95% CI [1.71–28.04]) IPV during pregnancy as opposed to those who did not. However, both before and after pregnancy, only physical IPV evidences a direct effect on PPD. The findings confirm that exposure to IPV significantly increases the odds of PPD. The association is particularly strong for physical IPV during all periods and psychological IPV during pregnancy.
While the initiation rate of breastfeeding was 99.3%, at the time of the woman’s interview the overall EBF rate had fallen to 43.7%. Based on the adjusted model, women who experienced physical IPV (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI [0.08–0.42]) after childbirth, women who reported childhood sexual abuse (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI [0.14–0.80]) and PPD (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI [0.10–0.45]) were significantly less likely to exclusively breastfeed their infants than those who had not reported these experiences. Moreover, women with an intended pregnancy and high social support exhibited a higher likelihood of EBF.
The results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV and to be able to offer help and support. Healthcare professionals involved in obstetrics and midwifery need to be aware of the risk factors of IPV during pregnancy, to be able to identify women who may be at risk for delayed entry into prenatal care, experiencing postpartum depression and early termination of exclusive breastfeeding, and to be able to offer them necessary support.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Crim & Crim JusticeArts, Education and LawFull Tex
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