59 research outputs found
Indigenous peoples, natural resources and governance: agencies and interactions Routledge research in polar regions./ edited by Monica Tennberg, Else Grete Broderstad, Hans-Kristian Hernes.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.This book offers multidisciplinary perspectives on the changing relationships between states, indigenous peoples and industries in the Arctic and beyond. It offers insights from Nordic countries, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Russia to present different systems of resource governance and practices of managing industry-indigenous peoples' relations in the mining industry, renewable resource development and aquaculture. Chapters cover growing international interest on Arctic natural resources, globalization of extractive industries and increasing land use conflicts. It considers issues such as equity, use of knowledge, development of company practices, conflict-solving measures and the role of indigenous institutions. Focus on Indigenous peoples and Governance triangle Multidisciplinary: political science, legal studies, sociology, administrative studies, Indigenous studies Global approach: Nordic countries, Canada, Russia, Australia, New Zealand and Canada Thorough case studies, rich material, and analysis The book will be of great interest to legal scholars, political scientists, experts in administrative sciences, authorities at different levels (local, regional and nations), experts in human rights and natural resources governance, experts in corporate social governance.Chapter 1. Indigenous Rights and Governance Theory - an introduction Hans-Kristian Hernes, Else Grete Broderstad and Monica Tennberg Chapter 2. International law, state compliance and wind power: Gaelpie (Kalvvatnan) and beyondElse Grete Broderstad Chapter 3. Reindeer husbandry vs. wind energy: analysis of the Pauträsk and Norrbäck court decisions in Sweden Dorothée Cambou, Per Sandström, Anna Skarin and Emma BorgChapter 4. Indigenous agency in aquaculture development in Norway and New Zealand Camilla Brattland, Else Grete Broderstad and Catherine HowlettChapter 5. Indigenous agency through normative contestation: defining the scope of free, prior and informed consent in the Russian North Marina Peeters Goloviznina Chapter 6. The role of the Tlicho Comprehensive Agreement in shaping the relationship between the Tlicho and the mining industry in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada Horatio Sam-Aggrey Chapter 7. The shifting state: rolling over Indigenous rights in Ontario, Canada Gabrielle A. Slowey Chapter 8. Emerging governance mechanisms in Norway: a cautionary note from the Antipodes Catherine Howlett and Rebecca Lawrence Chapter 9. Paradigm conflicts: challenges to implementing Indigenous rights in Sápmi Kaja Nan Gjelde-Bennett Chapter 10. Revisiting the Governance Triangle in the Arctic and beyondMonica Tennberg, Else Grete Broderstad and Hans-Kristian HernesIndex1 online resource (240 pages)
Revisiting the governance triangle in the Arctic and beyond
No full textThis chapter gives an overview of the findings from all the case studies in this book about the governance triangle between states, industries and Indigenous peoples in the fields of mining, aquaculture and wind power development. In this concluding chapter, these findings are interpreted from the perspective of meta-governance, a concept which focuses on normative consensus-building and clarity between different modes of governance—hierarchical, state-led governance, market governance and locally based network governance. From this perspective, the main conclusion is that the role of the state, despite the different forms of the statehood in the cases ranging from Nordic welfare states and the Russian authoritarian state to Canadian, Australian and New Zealandic settler states, is central in each mode of governance and between them in leveling the playing field for Indigenous peoples. This finding is in contrast to the popular claims of the withdrawal of states in natural resource governance
Indigenous rights and governance theory
No full textWorldwide, there are tensions over resources and territories between Indigenous peoples and extractive industries. That these tensions have increased and become more intense is no surprise, given historical records and current land encroachments. Still, efforts at cooperation by Indigenous peoples and industry are by no means unheard of. Indigenous peoples have successfully secured rights through international law, improving participation and enhancing self-determination as a people equal to other peoples. The business sector has also increasingly reformed its approach to human rights. This book is based on projects studying how Indigenous peoples interact with different industries—mining, aquaculture and renewable energy—and how the interaction is framed by international law, national legislation and policies, and business approaches. Our theoretical framework for understanding new forms of governance that involve actors from government (state), market and civil society is interactive governance theory formulated by Jan Kooiman and others. This chapter presents the background on Indigenous rights, discusses the framework of interactive governance and outlines the chapters of the book
UNESCO and beyond - Whose voices are heard? And how? A case study on local participation and sustainable tourism development in Sarfannguit, Greenland
No full textIn 2018, a large area in western Greenland, close to the Arctic Circle, was inscribed on the
UNESCO’s Heritage Site list. The site is now known as Aasivissuit – Nipisat - Inuit Hunting Ground between Ice and Sea. The small settlement Sarfannguit is situated within this site. The settlement is one out of seven key sites within the UNESCO site, making the place an attraction, yet the question remains: Will the locals benefit from this possible increase of tourism?
Through my exploratory ethnographic approach, I have aimed to gain a better understanding of to what extent the locals in Sarfannguit have been involved in the planning of tourism activities in this area. My research involved participant observation, semi- and unstructured interviews and a community meeting in Sarfannguit. I followed up with re-visiting the community and organized two new community meetings/workshops in both Sarfannguit and Sisimiut.
This thesis undertakes a discourse analysis, focusing on key narratives about local participation and sustainable development in Qeqqata Municipality. Critical discourse analysis mixed with storylines reveal that considerable power is embedded in structured ways of seeing and experiencing a certain situation. These narratives form part of a pattern that frames the ongoing initiatives which have taken place before and during my fieldwork. Insights gained from my work might contribute to forming sustainable tourism development in the region.
I argue that local participation is essential in the development process in order for this new UNESCO site to become a successful and sustainable tourism attraction in Greenland
The Tharu Cultural Museum: A Conduit for Cultural Revitalization and Indigenous Identity Creation
No full textThis thesis centers around the interrelationships between a community museum and the local community in the process of cultural revitalization and cultural identity creation. The project focuses on how a community-based museum negotiates and revitalizes the meaning of the Tharu cultural identity in a historically marginalized indigenous Tharu community. This is illustrated through the case study of the Tharu Cultural Museum and Research Centre, Chitwan, Nepal in relation to the local community efforts to establish the museum and its endeavor to bestow meaning to their cultural identity by reviving and sustaining their original culture.
This project is based on the empirical data collected from the fieldwork using semi structured qualitative interviews and field observation. Secondary sources of data such as documents related to the Tharu people’s culture, and the museum was reviewed. In discussing the research questions, the concepts of community museum practices, cultural identity, indigeneity, and cultural revitalization was discussed within three approaches of understanding the role of museums. These approaches include traditional approach, bottom-up approach and institutional approach.
With reference to the Tharu cultural museum and the local community, this project argues that while the Tharu culture, traditions, and indigeneity faced threats due to multiple factors such as migration, displacement, national assimilationist policies, bonded labour system, and the endemic malarial disease, they were penetrated by a cultural reviving movement within the community that worked for the enhancement of their indigeneity through museum practices. The incredible community sense of socio-cultural awareness, self-actualization of the community self-determination, and indigenization revitalizes the meanings of the Tharu cultural identity and indigeneity through community museum practices and vise-verse
The Norwegian Press and the Reception of Donald Trump’s Native American Narratives
No full textAbstract
Indigenous Peoples face a challenge in gaining visibility in western news outlets. It is well established that when they are made visible, coverage leans into representing stereotypes rather than giving voice to members of Indigenous Peoples or their spokespersons. This study aims to determine to what extent this dynamic can be found in the Norwegian Press. Specifically, it investigates the Norwegian Press and their reception of the US president Donald Trump's use of the word Pocahontas as a nickname for his political opponent US senator Elizabeth Warren.
In the Norwegian context, it is interesting how the Norwegian news outlets covered the events,
and in what way they gave a stereotypical representation of Indigenous Peoples and if they made
the Indigenous response to Trump's and Warren's statements visible. Furthermore, the reception
in the Norwegian context should be analyzed according to the political position of the different
news outlets.
To study this, a quantitative study of news articles regarding the topic, from 18 online news outlets was done. The language in the articles was then coded and each online news outlet reception was analyzed. The results showed that the Norwegian Press did use stereotyping language and words coined by Trump to a high degree. Native American and Indigenous People's voices were included only in a minority of articles, and there was a tendency for center-right wing media to give more visibility to the Native American response, than center-left wing media.
The results suggest that Norwegian news outlets largely perpetuate the dynamic where
Indigenous peoples are made less visible in western media. On this basis, attention should be given to how coverage is done of Indigenous issues and efforts made to give a less stereotypical representation while including Indigenous people's voices in the Norwegian Press
A hundred years of assimilation: Context of Kurdish people in the field education
No full textThis research aims to question how the Kurdish people is affected by the assimilation policies starting from the 1923 until today. It aims to explain how the education system serves the assimilation policies and how and for what reasons the Kurdish language and culture are being destroyed. The thesis provides reasons why Kurdish language and literature do not develop. In order to explain these situations, the thesis focuses on primary school education within the education system. The aim of the education system implemented in North Kurdistan is to raise Kurdish children with the awareness of being Turkish. The easiest way to assimilate a society is to disrupt the language structure of that society and prevent its heritage to be transferred to future generations. This master thesis refers to international human rights and draw on the reflections gained from struggles of minorities and indigenous peoples against assimilation and integration policies of nation states
The New Scope: Forest Policy, Indigenous Involvement and Welfare Considerations. The case of Kyirayaso in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
No full textThis study examines the Forest and Wildlife Policy of Ghana, how it involves the indigenous people of Kyirayaso in the management process of the forest reserve from which they derive their livelihood and how the forest policy takes into consideration the welfare of the people. The objective is to gain insight into the practicalities of managing the reserve based on the stories, views and reflections of the Kyirayaso community who are “used” as a case study. It is also to ascertain the impact of the management process on the welfare of the people. In this regard, the study draws on the mixed method approach, with eight interviews of government and forestry commission officials and 30 open-ended questionnaires of Kyirayaso community members. Selected aspects of co-management theory constitute an analytical framework for highlighting the components of the management process and for reviewing the survival strategies and the overall welfare of the community.
The study points out that; Kyirayaso community members are practically involved in co-managing the forest reserve but they are not assured possibilities of influencing decisions. They are involved more at the implementation stage than in prior planning stages and the nature of management process is more “consultative” than “two-way” communication (active participation). The difference in the extent of involvement is attributed to general education levels of community members due to the technicality of forestry issues. I also discovered that welfare has a non-monetary meaning and significance in Kyirayaso. And while revenue that comes to the community does not trickle down to everyone, there is still good-will and a communal spirit among community members to manage and protect the forest reserve for future generations as well as leave a lasting legacy.
The study brings to bare results of co-management strategies put to analysis and it is proposed that for effective and sustainable management of the forest and proper welfare provision of the community members who devote their lives to protect the reserve, a bottom-up approach needs to be adopted to refocus policy directions and strategies. Technical education should be implemented, to circumvent the inability of primary stakeholders from partaking in decision-making processes that affect their very existence
Regional governance change in Northern Norway. Insights for Northern Ontario, Canada
No full textNorthern Ontario has been inadequately governed, perpetuating chronic health, social and economic issues. Recent policy discourse has suggested that the region take more control through the development of new regional governance or governments. The region should also look to other Northern jurisdictions for ideas.
This comparative case study examined the state of regional governance in two Northern regions, comparing the calls for regional governance change to more effectively administer Northwestern Ontario (as a part of Northern Ontario) against the Norwegian state-mandated amalgamation of Troms and Finnmark Counties (as part of Northern Norway). Six public officials– elected officials (politicians) or public servants (bureaucrats)– were interviewed in Northwestern Ontario and four were interviewed in the former Troms and Finnmark Counties.
Informants in both countries validated the concept of Northern alienation and generally agreed that better regional governance and less central control was needed. Important considerations from Norway experience’s could inform Northern Ontario should it embark on regional governance change, including: consider a collaborative approach rather than a top-down, forced amalgamation; avoid determining the “form before function”; consider a “place-based” approach; consider regional rivalries and the impact of “re-centralization” to new capitals; include an external perspective; and involve Indigenous people from the beginning.
Finally, in both Northern Norway and Northern Ontario, the most important overarching observation may be that public and Indigenous governance remains on separate tracks. This is of greater concern to Northern Ontario, where public regional governance appears to be stagnant while Indigenous governance continues to evolve
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