1,720,996 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Neonatal sepsis: A current insight into neonatal sepsis
No full textNeonatal sepsis er en af hovedårsagerne til børnedødelighed blandt nyfødte spædbørn. De nuværende anbefalede retningslinjer for behandling af neonatal sepsis indebærer brug af antibiotika. Den mest anvendte antibiotika har vist sig at have skadelige bivirkninger på voksne og kan have lignende negative virkninger hos spædbørn. Det primære mål med dette studie er at undersøge følgevirkninger af det ofte brugte antibiotika for spædbørn med neonatal sepsis. Dette studie har også til formål at bidrage til diskussionen om aktuelle diagnostiske metoder, der tages i brug for at forudsige neonatal sepsis så tidligt som muligt og så præcist som muligt. Endvidere vil dette studie komme ind på byrden forårsaget af neonatal sepsis i højindkomstlande og lav/middelindkomstlande, samt komme ind på patogenerne som primært er skyld i neonatal sepsis. Ved at analysere tidligere resultater fra kliniske forsøg samt foretage en litteraturgennemgang af eksisterende forskning indenfor diagnostiske værktøjer, brugen af antibiotika og patogener, håber vi på at kunne bidrage til diskussion om emnet, som har ret til opmærksomhed. Metodisk er der blevet gennemført et litteraturstudie med resultater, der konkluderer, at der er behov for yderligere forskning indenfor gentamicin toksicitet. Dette studie konkluderer endvidere behovet for forskning indenfor den kliniske diagnostik.Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst newborns. The current recommended guidelines for treatment of this syndrome is the use of antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotic regimen has been shown to have harmful side effects in adults and might have similar adverse effects in newborns. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the side effects of the commonly used antibiotics for sepsis in newborns. This study also aims at contributing to the discussion of current diagnostics methods that are being taken into use to predict neonatal sepsis, as early as possible and as accurately as possible. Furthermore, this study will elaborate on the burden of this syndrome in high income countries and low/middle income countries and the most common bacteria that are responsible. By analyzing previous results from past clinical trials and review studies in the area of diagnostics, antibiotics and pathogens, we hope to contribute to the discussion of this subject. Methodically a literature review has been conducted with results concluding that there is need for further research in the area of gentamicin toxicity. This review further concludes the need for research in the area of diagnostics
The influence of cold storage on the stability of the biomarker, HbA1c
No full textPopulation-based biobanks have become of great interest within treatment, prevention, and causes of diseases, and is a repository where researchers can obtain data. Through retrospective studies, when studying biomarkers in stored biological samples, biobanks have shown to be effective. The aim of this project is to investigate the influence of cold storage on the stability of the biomarker glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) when stored in blood samples, regarding application in retrospective studies in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomarkers degrade with time due to chemical processes as proteolysis, hence optimal storage is important for the most accurate retrospective studies. This literature study is performed in cooperation with the Danish Blood Donor Study that is currently investigating stability of various biomarkers stored at – 20 °C. To evaluate the stability of HbA1c in stored blood samples, six scientific articles are analysed, where blood samples are stored short-term (≤ 1.5 year) and long-term (> 1.5 year) at different temperatures, – 20 °C, – 70 °C, and – 80 °C. Temperature, storage time, and freeze-thaw cycles are storage conditions impacting the stability of HbA1c. Furthermore, replacement of measuring instruments and employees can influence the data. To interpret HbA1c data correctly, protocols must be standardised to obtain the best results from the samples and avoid sources of errors. As a conclusion, the analysed articles found HbA1c to be stable for up to two weeks when stored at – 20 °C, whereas at ≤ – 70 °C, HbA1c concentrations were stable for up to 18 years. The optimal temperature depends on storage time, where freeze-thaw cycles must be avoided to preserve HbA1c stability. Correct interpretation of HbA1c values is of importance for retrospective studies of HbA1c in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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