1,721,040 research outputs found
Approach bias modification training to increase physical activity: A pilot randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers
No full textRegular physical activity is associated with better physical and mental health outcomes as well as higher quality of life. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined whether approach bias modification, an economical and easily accessible computerized cognitive training, could increase objectively and subjectively measured physical activity in individuals aiming for more physical activity. Forty healthy volunteers of normal weight were randomly allocated to six sessions of approach bias modification or no treatment. The approach bias modification adopted an implicit learning paradigm that trained participants to show approach behavior in response to visual cues of physical activity. Approach bias modification did not increase objectively and subjectively measured physical activity
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–short form (BIS–15) in patients with mental disorders
No full textTransdiagnostic Cognitive Control Training for Patients Waiting for Outpatient Psychotherapy: Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textAbstract Background Various mental disorders are associated with impaired cognitive control, which is crucial for effective emotion regulation. Cognitive control training has demonstrated promise in enhancing emotion regulation and alleviating distress in disorders characterized by repetitive negative thinking, such as depression and anxiety. Objective Given the importance of cognitive control and emotion regulation across mental disorders, this study investigates the efficacy of a mobile cognitive control training in a transdiagnostic outpatient sample awaiting psychotherapy. Methods In this randomized clinical superiority trial with 2 parallel arms, 80 patients with various mental disorders from an outpatient waiting list received either 10 sessions of mobile cognitive control training using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) or an active control training using a speed of response task. The primary outcome was mental distress, measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-11 (HSCL-11). Secondary outcomes included measures of cognitive control, rumination, repetitive negative thinking, difficulties in emotion regulation, cognitive emotion regulation, and disorder-specific symptoms. Outcomes were measured at baseline, post training, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Results Contrary to our primary hypothesis, cognitive control training was not superior in improving global mental distress directly after training (B=−.03, 95% CI –0.21, 0.16; t 179.60 =–0.26; P =.80; d =−0.04, 95% CI –0.35, 0.28); however, it led to greater improvements in cognitive control (B=−0.56, 95% CI –0.59,–0.54; z =−18.02; P <.001; d =−1.23, 95% CI −1.30,–1.20). This effect was similar at the 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Furthermore, at 3-month follow-up, cognitive control training resulted in fewer difficulties in emotion regulation (B=4.73, 95% CI 0.52, 9.12; t 177.99 =2.09; P =.04; d =0.34, 95% CI 0.04, 0.65), and anxiety symptoms (B=2.94, 95% CI 0.38, 5.82; t 66.51 =2.09; P =.04; d =0.70, 95% CI 0.09, 1.38), although the latter refers to a small subsample of patients with anxiety disorders. At 6-month follow-up, cognitive control training led to more adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (B=−5.18, 95% CI −9.74,–0.41; t 180.90 =−2.16; P =.03; d =−0.40, 95% CI −0.75,−0.03), and less social anxiety (B=2.00, 95% CI 0.14, 3.81; t 43.43 =2.08; P =.04; d =0.66, 95% CI 0.05, 1.24). The groups did not differ in any other outcome at any point in time. Conclusions This study is the first to assess the efficacy of a mobile cognitive control training using the PASAT in a transdiagnostic outpatient sample. There was no evidence for the training’s efficacy on global mental distress and only weak evidence for the superiority in measures of emotion regulation and anxiety at follow-ups. Potential mediating pathways and moderating factors, such as the number of training sessions, should be investigated in larger studies
Combining cognitive bias modification training (CBM) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to treat binge eating disorder: study protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility trial
No full textIntroduction Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common mental disorder, closely associated with obesity. Existing treatments are only moderately effective with high relapse rates, necessitating novel interventions. This paper describes the rationale for, and protocol of, a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), evaluating the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and a computerised cognitive training, namely approach bias modification training (ABM), in patients with BED who are overweight or obese. The aim of this trial is to obtain information that will guide decision-making and protocol development in relation to a future large-scale RCT of combined tDCS+ABM treatment in this group of patients, and also to assess the preliminary efficacy of this intervention.Methods and analysis 66 participants with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 diagnosis of BED and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: ABM+real tDCS; ABM+sham tDCS or a wait-list control group. Participants in both intervention groups will receive six sessions of ABM+real/sham tDCS over 3 weeks; engaging in the ABM task while simultaneously receiving bilateral tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. ABM is based on an implicit learning paradigm in which participants are trained to enact an avoidance behaviour in response to visual food cues. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-treatment (3 weeks) and follow-up (7 weeks post-randomisation). Feasibility outcomes assess recruitment and retention rates, acceptability of random allocation, blinding success (allocation concealment), completion of treatment sessions and research assessments. Other outcomes include eating disorder psychopathology and related neurocognitive outcomes (ie, delay of gratification and inhibitory control), BMI, other psychopathology (ie, mood), approach bias towards food and surrogate endpoints (ie, food cue reactivity, trait food craving and food intake).Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the North West-Liverpool East Research Ethics Committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number ISRCTN3571719
Improving emotion recognition in anorexia nervosa: An experimental proof‐of‐concept study
Full text linkObjective: Previous research has found increasing evidence for difficulties in emotion recognition ability (ERA) and social cognition in anorexia nervosa (AN), and recent models consider these factors to contribute to the development and maintenance of the disorder. However, there is a lack of experimental studies testing this hypothesis. Therefore, the present proof‐of‐concept study examined whether ERA can be improved by a single session of a computerized training in AN, and whether this has short‐term effects on eating disorder symptoms.
Method: Forty inpatients (22.20 ± 7.15 years) with AN were randomly assigned to receive a single session of computerized training of ERA (TERA) or a sham training (training the recognition of different types of clouds). ERA, self‐reported eating disorder symptoms, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed within 3 days before and after training.
Results: After training, both groups showed improved ERA, reduced self‐reported eating disorder symptoms, and an increased BMI. As compared to patients in the control group, patients who received TERA showed greater improvements in ERA and self‐reported eating disorder symptoms.
Discussion: ERA can be effectively trained in patients with AN. Moreover, short‐term improvements in self‐reported eating disorder symptoms provide tentative support for the hypothesis that difficulties in ERA contribute to the maintenance of AN, and that specific trainings of ERA hold promise as an additional component in AN treatment. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings in larger samples, and to investigate long‐term effects and transfer into real‐world settings
Measuring approach–avoidance tendencies towards food with touchscreen‑based arm movements
No full textMost tasks for measuring automatic approach–avoidance tendencies do not resemble naturalistic approach–avoidance behaviors.
Therefore, we developed a paradigm for the assessment of approach–avoidance tendencies towards palatable food,
which is based on arm and hand movements on a touchscreen, thereby mimicking real-life grasping or warding movements.
In Study 1 (n = 85), an approach bias towards chocolate-containing foods was found when participants reached towards the
stimuli, but not when these stimuli had to be moved on the touchscreen. This approach bias towards food observed in grab
movements was replicated in Study 2 (n = 60) and Study 3 (n = 94). Adding task features to disambiguate distance change
through either corresponding image zooming (Study 2) or emphasized self-reference (Study 3) did not moderate this effect.
Associations between approach bias scores and trait and state chocolate craving were inconsistent across studies. Future
studies need to examine whether touchscreen-based approach–avoidance tasks reveal biases towards other stimuli in the
appetitive or aversive valence domain and relate to relevant interindividual difference variables
Training emotion recognition in depression—An experimental study
No full textAbstract Background Patients with depression often show a reduced emotion recognition ability (ERA), which is considered to contribute to interpersonal difficulties and thereby to the development and maintenance of the disorder. In light of the lack of experimental studies testing this hypothesis, the present study investigated whether a single session of computerized training can enhance ERA in patients with depression and whether this affects interpersonal problems and symptoms of depression. Methods Forty outpatients with major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder were randomly assigned to a single session of either computerized training of ERA (TERA) or a sham training. One day prior to and 14 days after training, ERA, interpersonal problems and symptoms of depression were recorded. Results Both groups showed significant improvements in ERA and in symptoms of depression. Participants who received TERA showed greater improvements in ERA than participants who received sham training. However, the groups did not differ regarding changes in symptoms of depression, and none of the groups showed significant changes in interpersonal problems. Conclusions A single session of computerized training can effectively improve ERA in patients with depression. In the short term, however, TERA neither affected interpersonal problems nor symptoms of depression
Risk for psychotherapy drop-out in survival analysis: The influence of general change mechanisms and symptom severity.
No full textInterpretation bias modification to reduce body dissatisfaction – a randomized controlled pilot study in women with elevated weight and shape concerns
No full textOpen-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
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