103,364 research outputs found
Mandarin Market Segments Based on Consumer Sensory Evaluations
No full textNinety-five consumers in seven grocery stores tasted unidentified peeled sections of three mandarins (a tangerine, a satsuma, and a clementine), and provided demographic and purchase information. Forty-four percent of the respondents preferred tangerines, 34 percent satsumas, and 22 percent clementines. The probability of preferring each of type of mandarin was estimated from internal quality analysis of paired samples, as well as from demographic and purchase responses. Model simulations were used to recommend harvest standards for satsumas based on Brix-to-acid ratios.Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Endothermic oxygenation of hemocyanin in the krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica.
No full textThe oxygen affinity of the hemolymph of the krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica, increases with temperature in the pH range 7.4 to 8.1 reflecting an endothermic overall heat of reaction. This striking feature may be of adaptive significance with respect to the feeding excursions of the animal, which at night reaches the warmer phytoplankton-rich surface layers, where the oxygen availability is reduced due to increased temperature and photorespiration
Evaluation of the agreement between Brix refractometry and serum immunoglobulin concentration in neonatal piglets
No full textNeonatal piglets lack immunoglobulins at birth. Sufficient colostrum intake (CI) and immunoglobulin absorption are essential for an appropriate passive transfer of immunity via the colostrum. Most methods to measure immunoglobulins in serum of piglets are labour-intensive, expensive or imprecise and not designed for on-farm use. The present diagnostic test study evaluated digital Brix refractometry to measure immunoglobulins in serum of neonatal piglets and to suggest thresholds for different serum immunoglobulin concentration. Additionally, agreements between Brix refractometry and optical refractometer (serum total protein, STP) and between Brix refractometry and ELISA (immunoglobulin G. IgG) were also investigated. Forty-five sows and 269 piglets from three different farms were enrolled in the study. Piglets were weighed at birth and 24 h later to calculate the Cl. Serum was collected at 24 h after birth and analysed for STP, gamma-globulins (electrophoresis), % Brix and IgG. In piglets, median (interquartile range, IQR) CI was 412 (196) g per piglet Median (IQR) STP, gamma-globulin and % Brix concentrations in piglet serum were 60 (11) g/L, 35 (10) g/L and 8 (2) %, respectively. Average (+/- SD) IgG concentration was 49 +/- 23 g/L Passing-Bablok regression revealed a strong concordance between % Brix and STP (Kendall's tau (T): 0.620, P < 0.0001, n = 267) and % Brix and gamma-globulin concentration (Kendall's T: 0.575, P < 0.0001, n = 267). The agreement between the Brix refractometer and IgG concentration was poor (Kendall's T: 0267, P < 0.0001, n = 269). Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to evaluate test characteristics of Brix refractometry for three gamma-globulin cut-off values, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 g/L. The % Brix cut-off values resulting in the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity were 5.4 (100 and 985%), 7.0 (100 and 89.3%) and 7.9 (90.1 and 80.6%), respectively. In conclusion. digital Brix refractometry is a sufficiently fast and practical method to assess serum gamma-globulin concentrations in neonatal piglets on-farm and to evaluate them by considering the thresholds found in this study. Further studies are needed to validate those thresholds regarding piglet's survival in the pre-weaning period. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Animal Consortium
Pseudomesus satanus Kaiser & Brix, 2007, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Pseudomesus satanus</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 7–9)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: Ψ (preparatory, 1.7 mm), Australian continental slope, 38°23.95'S, 149°17.02'E, RV <i>Franklin</i>, Station SLOPE 67, 1277– 1119 m, leg. G.C.B Poore, NMV J18597.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Body</i> length 6.2 times longer than width of pereonite 2. <i>Cephalothorax</i> with 2 cephalic spines and a row of small setae on frons. <i>Antennula</i> with 5 articles, article 2 length 3.4 times width, 1.5 times article 1 length; with serration resembling 4 “teeth” and with 3 broom setae distally. <i>Pleotelson</i> inflated dorsally, length subequal width, lateral margins convex, tapering to posterior margin. <i>Uropods</i> uniramous, bulbous, not overlapping posterior margin of pleotelson, overlapping anus valves; endopod length 1.5 times protopod length, 1.9 times longer than wide.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Habitus</i> of female holotype (Fig. 7 A): <i>Body</i> 1.7 mm long (measured without appendages), length 6.2 times pereonite 2 width. Pereonite 1 width 1.1 times cephalothorax width in dorsal view. <i>Frons clypeal furrow</i> present, 2 cephalic spines and a row of small setae on frons. <i>Pereonite 1</i> length 0.8 times pereonite 2 length, 1.1 times pereonite 2 width. Pereonite 5 anterior and lateral margins straight. <i>Coxae</i> 1–4 slightly produced, without setae. <i>Pleotelson</i> dorsally inflated, length 1.2 times width, posterolateral spines absent. Lateral margins convex, tapering towards posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Antennula</i> (Fig. 7 B) about 0.25 mm long, length 0.2 times body length, with 5 articles. Article 1 with 3 broom setae. Article 2 length 3.4 times width, 1.5 times article 1 length; with serration resembling 4 “teeth” and 3 broom setae distally (1 broken off). Article 3 with 1 small “tooth”; article 4 with 1 broom seta; terminal article with 1 aesthetasc and 2 slender setae terminally.</p> <p> <i>Antenna</i> (Fig. 7 C) about 1 mm long, length 0.8 times body length; with 6 peduncular and 9 flagellar articles. Article 5 with 2 broom setae and 2 simple setae. Article 6 with 1 large and 3 small broom setae and with 1 slender and 2 small setae distally. Flagellar articles 1–8 with 2 slender setae each; terminal article with 4 long slender setae distally.</p> <p> <i>Mandibles</i> (Fig. 7 E): left mandible was not dissected from the holotype. Palp articles 1 and 2 of right mandible without setae; apical article with 9 ventral setae, distal one longest. Incisor with 1 strong tooth. Lacinia mobilis with 3 small teeth; spine row with 5 spines. Molar with 10 slender setae.</p> <p> Inner lobe of <i>Maxillula</i> (Fig. 7 F) slightly smaller than outer lobe (lost during dissection). Outer lobe length 4.1 times width, dorsal margin with 6 pairs of fine setae, ventral margin with 6 small simple setae, terminally with 11 strong spines (4 of them with setules).</p> <p> Medial lobe of <i>Maxilla</i> (Fig. 7 G) shorter than outer lobes; without setae terminally, with 7 fine setae marginally. Outer lobe length 6.8 times width, with 3 setae terminally.</p> <p> Left and right <i>maxilliped</i> (Fig. 7 D) connected by 2 retinacula. Epipodite length 3.6 times width, length 1.1 times endite length. Endite with numerous fine setae marginally and terminally. Edge of endite and palpal articles 1 and 2 fringed with a row of fine setae and 1 seta on tip. Article 1 length 0.6 times width; article 2 length 1.1 times width; article 3 length 0.9 times width, inner margin with 5 setae, outer margin with 2 setae; article 4 length 1.3 times width, with 3 setae; article 5 length 2 times width, with 3 terminal setae.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 1</i> (Fig. 8 A) basis length 3.8 times width; with 1 broom seta and 1 small seta marginally and with 1 simple seta distoventrally. Ischium length 2.5 times width; with 1 composed seta dorsally and 1 small seta ventrally. Merus length 1.5 times width; with 1 composed and 1 simple seta distodorsally and with 2 unequally bifid distally setulate setae and 1 comb of fine setules in cuticular membrane ventrally. Carpus length 4.4 times width; with 1 small seta distodorsally and with 3 unequally bifid distally setulate setae and 3 combs of fine setules inserted in cuticular membrane ventrally. Propodus length 2.9 times width; with 1 small seta distodorsally and with few small slender setae, fringed with fine setules inserted in cuticular membrane, ventrally. Dactylus length 4.2 times width; with 3 small slender setae medially; unguis with 1 robust cuspidate and 1 conate seta and with 2 slender setae in between.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 2</i> (Fig. 8 B) similar to pereopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 8 C, 9A). Basis length 3.5 times width; with 1 small broom seta dorsally and 3 small setae ventrally. Ischium length 2.8 times width; with dorsal hook and 1 small seta ventrally. Merus length 1.2 times width; with 1 seta distodorsally (broken off) and 1 small seta distoventrally. Carpus length 4.4 times width; with 2 slender simple setae dorsally and with 5 robust unequally bifid setae and 6 combs of fine setules inserted in cuticular membrane ventrally. Propodus length 2.9 times width; with 1 small broom seta distodorsally and with 2 robust unequally bifid setae fringed with fine setules inserted in cuticular membrane ventrally. Dactylus length 4.2 times width; with 3 small slender setae medially; unguis with 1 conate seta dorsally and 2 slender setae ventrally.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 5</i> (Fig. 9 B) similar to pereopods 6 and 7 (Fig. 9 C–D). Basis length 5.3 times width; with 3 broom setae dorsally, with 2 small seta ventrally. Ischium length 3.5 times width; with 1 dorsal hook. Merus length 2 times width; with 2 robust setae distodorsally and with 1 small seta distoventrally. Carpus length 5.6 times width; with 1 small broom seta and 1 small seta distodorsally and with 2 long slender setae and 3 combs of fine setules inserted in cuticular membrane ventrally. Propodus length 5.1 times width; with 1 small broom seta and 1 long slender seta distodorsally and with 4 slender setae of varying size and 1 comb of fine setules inserted in cuticular membrane ventrally. Dactylus length 5 times width; unguis with 1 long conate seta dorsally and 2 slender setae ventrally.</p> <p> <i>Pleopod 2</i> (operculum, Fig. 8 D) length 1.1 times width; margins rounded, with 4 slender setae on distal margin.</p> <p> Endopod of <i>pleopod 3</i> (Fig. 8 E) length 1.2 times width; with 3 long plumose setae distally. Exopod length 0.6 times endopod length; inner margin hirsute, with 1 small seta distally.</p> <p> Endopod of <i>Pleopod 4</i> (Fig. 8 F) oval-shaped, length 2.3 times width. Exopod length 3.9 times width; outer margin with row of fine setae, with 1 long plumose seta distally.</p> <p> <i>Uropods</i> (Fig. 8 G) uniramous, bulbous, not overlapping posterior margin of pleotelson, overlapping anus valves. Endopod length 1.5 times protopod length, 1.9 times longer than wide; with 3 broom setae, 5 slender simple setae of varying size terminally. Protopod length 1.5 times width, with 3 slender setae.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Australian continental slope, South Pacific.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from type locality.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name <i>satanus</i> (masculine) refers to the devil-like cephalic spines at the cephalothorax of the new species.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Pseudomesus satanus</i> sp. nov. is assigned to the genus <i>Pseudomesus</i> due to the elongated body (more than 6 times pereonite 2 width), the enlarged dorsally inflated pleotelson, the extremely short uropods and the characters of the pereopod 1. This new species is most similar to <i>P. p i t o m b o</i> sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: cephalothorax width 1.5 times length, anterior margin medially vaulted, with two cephalic spines and a row of small setae on frons; article 4 of antennula with 1 long broom seta; antenna with 9 flagellar articles; exopodit of maxilliped reaching fourth palpal article. Both species can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the presence of a well developed mandibular palp.</p>Published as part of <i>Kaiser, Stefanie & Brix, Saskia, 2007, Two new species of the genus Pseudomesus Hansen, 1916 (Isopoda, Asellota) from the Southern hemisphere: Pseudomesus pitombo sp. nov. and Pseudomesus satanus sp. nov., pp. 21-38 in Zootaxa 1658</i> on pages 33-37, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/274018">10.5281/zenodo.274018</a>
Reconstructing the Sorbonne Library in the Bibale Database: New Paths through Old Matter
No full textBy Antoine Brix, PhD [1] The rise of the digital age has prompted new ideas and new challenges in the humanities. It has generated new aspirations shared by a generation of historians, and among them many are medievalists. The full and comprehensive reconstruction of libraries from the past and dispersed book collections stands out as one of these new aspirations of medievalists in the digital era. Sure enough, there is a rich bibliography to remind one that Gutenberg-era scholars did try t..
Invasion strategies in clonal aquatic plants: Are phenotypic differences caused by phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation?
No full textBackground and Aims: The successful spread of invasive plants in new environments is often linked to multiple introductions and a diverse gene pool that facilitates local adaptation to variable environmental conditions. For clonal plants, however, phenotypic plasticity may be equally important. Here the primary adaptive strategy in three non-native, clonally reproducing macrophytes (Egeria densa, Elodea canadensis and Lagarosiphon major) in New Zealand freshwaters were examined and an attempt was made to link observed differences in plant morphology to local variation in habitat conditions. Methods: Field populations with a large phenotypic variety were sampled in a range of lakes and streams with different chemical and physical properties. The phenotypic plasticity of the species before and after cultivation was studied in a common garden growth experiment, and the genetic diversity of these same populations was also quantified. Key Results: For all three species, greater variation in plant characteristics was found before they were grown in standardized conditions. Moreover, field populations displayed remarkably little genetic variation and there was little interaction between habitat conditions and plant morphological characteristics. Conclusions: The results indicate that at the current stage of spread into New Zealand, the primary adaptive strategy of these three invasive macrophytes is phenotypic plasticity. However, while limited, the possibility that genetic diversity between populations may facilitate ecotypic differentiation in the future cannot be excluded. These results thus indicate that invasive clonal aquatic plants adapt to new introduced areas by phenotypic plasticity. Inorganic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous were important in controlling plant size of E. canadensis and L. major, but no other relationships between plant characteristics and habitat conditions were apparent. This implies that within-species differences in plant size can be explained by local nutrient conditions. All together this strongly suggests that invasive clonal aquatic plants adapt to a wide range of habitats in introduced areas by phenotypic plasticity rather than local adaptation. © 2010 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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