1,721,002 research outputs found
Care under pressure 2: examining causes and solutions to psychological ill-health for nurses, midwives & paramedics
No full textIntroduction: health service delivery requires healthy, motivated staff. Nurses, midwives and paramedics are the largest collective group of clinical staff in the UK’s NHS but have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill-health. Building on previous work with doctors (Carrieri et al. 2020), this study explored why psychological ill health in healthcare professionals is a growing problem and how we might change this.Methods: realist synthesis methodology (Wong et al. 2014) involved two rounds of database searching in MEDLINE, CINAHL and HMIC (the second round targetting COVID-19-specific literature and literature reviews) and supplementary searches. Novel methodological approaches were developed to accommodate different-sizedliteratures between professions. We worked closely with a stakeholder group comprising nurses, midwives, paramedics, patients and public representatives, educators, managers and policy makers.Results: we included 75 papers in the first round (26 Nursing, 26 Midwifery, 23 Paramedic), and 122 in the second. We surfaced 14 key tensions from the literature and identified five key findings. For example, we learned that: interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; the needs of the system often override staff wellbeing at work (‘serve & sacrifice’); and there are unintended personal costs of upholding values at work.Discussion & conclusions: healthcare organisations need to rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive, and identify and nurture future compassionate leaders. The initial focus should be on staff essential needs, system-level change and long-term planning. We recommend that interventions are co-designed with frontlines staff and experts-by-experience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Care Under Pressure 2: a realist synthesis of causes and interventions to mitigate psychological ill-health in nurses, midwives and paramedics
No full textBackground Nurses, midwives and paramedics comprise over half of the clinical workforce in the UK National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill health. This study explored why psychological ill health is a growing problem and how we might change this. Methods A realist synthesis involved iterative searches within MEDLINE, CINAHL and HMIC, and supplementary handsearching and expert solicitation. We used reverse chronological quota screening and appraisal journalling to analyse each source and refine our initial programme theory. A stakeholder group comprising nurses, midwives, paramedics, patient and public representatives, educators, managers and policy makers contributed throughout. Results Following initial theory development from 8 key reports, 159 sources were included. We identified 26 context–mechanism–outcome configurations, with 16 explaining the causes of psychological ill health and 10 explaining why interventions have not worked to mitigate psychological ill health. These were synthesised to five key findings: (1) it is difficult to promote staff psychological wellness where there is a blame culture; (2) the needs of the system often over-ride staff psychological wellbeing at work; (3) there are unintended personal costs of upholding and implementing values at work; (4) interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; and (5) it is challenging to design, identify and implement interventions. Conclusions Our final programme theory argues the need for healthcare organisations to rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive. This requires high standards for patient care to be balanced with high standards for staff psychological wellbeing; professional accountability to be balanced with having a listening, learning culture; reactive responsive interventions to be balanced by having proactive preventative interventions; and the individual focus balanced by an organisational focus.</p
Care Under Pressure 2: a realist review examining causes and solutions to workplace psychological ill-health for nurses, midwives and paramedics
No full textBackground: health service delivery requires healthy, motivated staff but there is a high and increasing incidence of psychological ill-health, exacerbated further by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses, midwives and paramedics are the largest collective group of clinical staff in the UK’s National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill-health. Existing professional development and support is often profession-specific, and empirical evidence tends to focus on individual discrete interventions, which risk simplifying the causes and solutions to psychological ill-health.Therefore, building on our previous work with doctors (Carrieri et al BMC Med 2020), this study asked:1. Why is psychological ill-health in healthcare professionals still a huge and growing problem?2. Why despite having interventions (some of which have an ‘evidence-base’) does the problem persist?3. How we can optimise existing interventions, as well as innovating new ones?Method: realist synthesis methodology was employed, following RAMESES reporting guidelines. First round database searching in MEDLINE ALL (via Ovid), CINAHL (via EBSCO) and HMIC (via Ovid), was undertaken February-March 2021, followed by more specific supplementary searching strategies (e.g., hand searching, expert solicitation of key papers). Subsequent database searches (December 2021) targeted COVID-19- specific literature and literature reviews. We developed novel approaches to characterise the state of education and practice for the three professions, manage the different-sized literatures, and co-produce the analysis.Throughout the project, we worked closely with a stakeholder group comprising nurses, midwives, paramedics, representatives of patients and the public, educators, managers and policy makers. Via narrative and interactive activities, they provided insights into the nature, structure and stressors of their daily work, and we shared developing literature-based insights which they refined and shaped.Results: we included 75 papers in the first round (26 Nursing, 26 Midwifery, 23 Paramedic) plus 44 expert solicitation papers, 29 literature reviews and 49 COVID-19 focused articles in the second round. Through the realist synthesis we surfaced 14 key tensions in the literature (aspects of work that are incompatible and affect psychological ill-health) and identified five key findings, supported by 26 Context Mechanism and Outcome configurations (CMOcs). We learned that: interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; it is difficult to promote staff psychological wellness where there is a blame culture; the needs of the system often override staff wellbeing at work (‘serve & sacrifice’); there are unintended personal costs of upholding and implementing values at work; and it is challenging to design, identify and implement interventions to work optimally for diverse staff groups with diverse and interacting stressors.Overall, we found more similarities than differences between professions in causes of psychological ill-health, and very few profession-specific interventions. In most cases it was the service architecture (organisational features, context and working practices) that increased risk rather than the profession itself. Staff appear particularly at risk when newly qualified, exposed to trauma, or under investigation. Individual characteristics including ethnicity, sexual orientation and/or gender identify, and disability require greater attention.Implications: through identifying tensions in the literature, we have learned that healthcare as a provider and employer is a balancing act, with different considerations needing to be held in productive tension, such as the needs of staff and the needs of patients. Healthcare organisations need to urgently rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive. This will involve a focus on staff essential needs in order of priority and a commitment to reduce stigma and counter blame cultures, through long-term plans and investment. For the future, we need to identify and nurture future compassionate leaders and invest in multi-level systems approaches to promoting staff psychological wellbeing
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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