1,721,024 research outputs found
Color images analysis for non-destructive quality control
No full textLa couleur est un critère important dans de nombreux secteurs d'activité pour identifier, comparer ou encore contrôler la qualité de produits. Cette tâche est souvent assumée par un opérateur humain qui effectue un contrôle visuel. Malheureusement la subjectivité de celui-ci rend ces contrôles peu fiables ou répétables. Pour contourner ces limitations, l'utilisation d'une caméra RGB permet d'acquérir et d'extraire des propriétés photométriques. Cette solution est facile à mettre en place et offre une rapidité de contrôle. Cependant, elle est sensible au phénomène de métamérisme. La mesure de réflectance spectrale est alors la solution la plus appropriée pour s'assurer de la conformité colorimétrique entre des échantillons et une référence. Ainsi dans l'imprimerie, des spectrophotomètres sont utilisés pour mesurer des patchs uniformes imprimés sur une bande latérale. Pour contrôler l'ensemble d'une surface imprimée, des caméras multi-spectrales sont utilisées pour estimer la réflectance de chaque pixel. Cependant, elles sont couteuses comparées aux caméras conventionnelles. Dans ces travaux de recherche, nous étudions l'utilisation d'une caméra RGB pour l'estimation de la réflectance dans le cadre de l'imprimerie. Nous proposons une description spectrale complète de la chaîne de reproduction pour réduire le nombre de mesures dans les phases d'apprentissage et pour compenser les limitations de l'acquisition. Notre première contribution concerne la prise en compte des limitations colorimétriques lors de la caractérisation spectrale d'une caméra. La deuxième contribution est l'exploitation du modèle spectrale de l'imprimante dans les méthodes d'estimation de réflectance.Color is a major criterion for many sectors to identify, to compare or simply to control the quality of products. This task is generally assumed by a human operator who performs a visual inspection. Unfortunately, this method is unreliable and not repeatable due to the subjectivity of the operator. To avoid these limitations, a RGB camera can be used to capture and extract the photometric properties. This method is simple to deploy and permits a high speed control. However, it's very sensitive to the metamerism effects. Therefore, the reflectance measurement is the more reliable solution to ensure the conformity between samples and a reference. Thus in printing industry, spectrophotometers are used to measure uniform color patches printed on a lateral band. For a control of the entire printed surface, multispectral cameras are used to estimate the reflectance of each pixel. However, they are very expensive compared to conventional cameras. In this thesis, we study the use of an RGB camera for the spectral reflectance estimation in the context of printing. We propose a complete spectral description of the reproduction chain to reduce the number of measurements in the training stages and to compensate for the acquisition limitations. Our first main contribution concerns the consideration of the colorimetric limitations in the spectral characterization of a camera. The second main contribution is the exploitation of the spectral printer model in the reflectance estimation methods
Light-matter interaction modelling for analysing textured rough surfaces by photometric stereo
No full textLes techniques de reconstruction 3d sont devenues incontournables pour des applicationstelles que la caractérisation et l'analyse de surfaces. Les travaux réalisés au coursde cette thèse ont pour objectif d'améliorer la qualité des reconstructions 3d par stéréophotométrie.Cette méthode repose sur deux principes, l'inversion d'un modèle d'interactionlumière/matière (BRDF) et la configuration d'un système d'éclairage et de prises de vues.Pour des surfaces diffuses, la stéréo-photométrie est réalisée à partir d'un minimum detrois images acquises d'un point de vue fixe pour des directions d'éclairages différentes.Son avantage est d'extraire simultanément les propriétés géométriques et colorimétriquesdes surfaces analysées même en cas de forte rugosité. Néanmoins, son application exige laformulation de plusieurs hypothèses qui sont difficilement respectables dans un contexteréel. Ceci génère des erreurs significatives dans les reconstructions. Pour les réduire, nousproposons différentes contributions qui s'articulent autour de la prise en compte globale de lachaine d'acquisition. Les apports de nos travaux se situent aux niveaux de la caractérisationet de la modélisation du système d'éclairage, du capteur d'acquisition et de l'améliorationde la qualité des images. Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à l'optimisation des protocolesde prises de vues dans le cas de spécularité surfacique ou d'ombrage dus à la présence derugosité. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la prise en compte de ces caractéristiques dansl'inversion d'un modèle de BRDF permet une nette amélioration des reconstructions et offrela possibilité de réduire la taille des systèmes d'acquisition.Tridimensional reconstruction method has become essential for applications suchas the characterization and analysis of surfaces. In this thesis, aims are to increase the qualityof 3d reconstructions by photometric stereo. This method is based on two principles, reversinglight-matter interaction model and configuration of a lighting system. With diffuse surfaces,the photometric stereo use three captured images from a fixed point of view for differentillumination directions. Its main advantage is to extract the color and geometric propertiesfor the textured rough surfaces. However, its application requires to make assumptions thatare not credible in real cases. This problem generates significant errors in the reconstructions.To reduce them, we offer various solutions around the overall consideration of the acquisitionchain. Our contribution focuses on the characterization and modeling of the lighting system,the acquisition sensor and improved image quality. We are also interested to optimize acquisitionprotocol in the case of specular surface or shading due to the surface geometry. Ourresults show that the inclusion of these features in the inversion of a BRDF model allowsan improvement of 3d reconstructions as well as the possibility of reducing the size of theacquisition systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Computer vision analysis of objects : geometry and colorimetry.
No full textLe traitement d'images numérique offre la possibilité de faire du contrôle non destructif et d'en tirer des conclusions sur l'état des surfaces analysées. Dans le cadre médical, il permet d'améliorer la prise en charge des patients et d'assister les médecins dans le diagnostic et le suivi post-traitement. Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse s'intéressent à l'une des méthodes d'extraction de l'information par le traitement d'images numérique qui est la Stéré-Photométrie. Elle repose sur l'acquisition de la surface analysée d'un point de vue fixe mais sous différents angles d'éclairages. Elle permet l'extraction simultanée de la géométrie et la colorimétrie des surfaces analysées. Cependant, son application exige la formulation de plusieurs hypothèses qui ne sont pas toujours valables dans des conditions réelles. Ainsi, nous proposons une solution à l'une des hypothèses les plus réductrices en lien avec la nature photométrique des surfaces analysées. D'un autre côté, une nouvelle formulation mathématique de la Stéréo-Photométrie est proposée afin d'éviter l'étape de l'intégration numérique pour l'estimation de la reconstruction 3D. Cette approche originale basée sur la géométrie discrète offre un cadre numérique inclusif avec un caractère spatial. Le volet applicatif de ce travail consiste à proposer un système d'aide au diagnostic pour le psoriasis, à partir de l'étude de la Stéréo-Photométrie réalisée auparavant. Les résultats obtenus à travers ces différentes contributions permettent d'étendre l'utilisation de la Stéréo-Photométrie et de montrer son potentiel dans un cadre d'application rigoureux.Digital image processing allows to perform non-destructive control in order to determine accurately the state of the analysed surfaces. In the medical field, it can improve patient care and assist clinicians in diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up. The work realised in this thesis focuses on Photometric-Stereo, one of the most important methods for information extraction by digital image processing. The Photometric-Stereo relies on the acquisition of the analysed surface from a fixed point of view but under different lighting positions. It enables the simultaneous extraction of the geometry and colorimetry of the analysed surfaces. It enables a simultaneous extraction of the geometry and colorimetry of the analysed surfaces. However, its application requires the formulation of several hypotheses that are not always valid under real conditions. Thus, we propose a solution to one of the most reductive hypotheses related to the photometric nature of the analysed surfaces. On the other hand, a new mathematical formulation of Photometric-Stereo is proposed to avoid the numerical integration step for the 3D reconstruction estimation. This original approach based on discrete geometry offers an inclusive numerical framework with a spatial character. As an application for this work, we propose a diagnostic aid system for psoriasis severity evaluation from the study of Photometric-Stereo previously carried out. The results obtained through these different contributions extend the use of Photometry-Stereo and demonstrate its potential in a rigorous application framework
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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