1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Exploring fast food consumption behaviours and social influence.
Get PDFThere has been an increase in the consumption of convenience-style foods. This change has occurred concurrently with a global rise in obesity rates which has led to some researchers blaming the increased consumption of ‘big brand’ fast foods (such as McDonald’s) for expanding waistlines. Nutritional profiling in the initial study showed that the energy provided in a typical fast food meal seemed ‘appropriate’ in terms of a general daily intake but that increased meal sizes, poor ordering decisions and choice of fast food restaurant could influence energy balance and long-term health outcomes.
Even though fast foods are occupying a larger part of the diet, limited previous research has explored how social influences (including modelling, social norms and social facilitation) may increase the intake of fast foods. Therefore the aim of this dissertation was to explore environmental, social and demographic influences on the amount of fast food consumed at a single eating occasion.
The Fast Food Survey (FFS) was developed and administered to two samples to collect information – including the item/s eaten and any social, environmental or demographic influences that surrounded the consumption – on participants’ most recent visit to one of the large fast food chains in Australia. Results from an initial sample (n=116) revealed both the effectiveness of the program that delivered the FFS and support for the hypothesis that environmental and social factors could influence the amount of fast food consumed.
A second study using the FFS aimed to test and develop an existing model of social facilitation (originally developed using ‘general’ eating behaviours) in the specific context of fast food consumption. Accordingly, a larger sample (n=407) was recruited via the Internet. Following path analysis, there was support for the time-extension hypothesis in the current data; eating with other people predicted the time spent eating which subsequently predicted energy consumption from fast food items. Beyond the simple effects of time-extension, further modelling showed that environmental factors, including reasons, for consumption could be associated with increased fast food intake.
Analysis of data from the second FFS study showed that men and women were influenced differently by their eating environment – there was a negative direct effect of other people on women’s energy intake from fast food items. The theory of minimal
eating suggests that gender roles may alter eating behaviours and offers some explanation for this result. An observational study was conducted in McDonald’s to assess how the presence of male and female company could influence fast food intake in both sexes. A comparison of energy intake by participant sex, group size and the sex composition of the group revealed support for minimal eating norms – men eating with other men ate the most food, while women eating with men ate the least food.
Overall, the chapters presented in this dissertation show that, in a fast food consumption context, multiple social influences occur. Therefore, despite changes in the types of food being consumed, the mechanisms altering eating behaviours may be relatively stable. Given the potential association between weight gain and the consumption of fast foods, understanding these influences is a first step toward future intervention.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 201
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Supporting Weight Loss Maintenance: The Role of Planning, Problem Solving and Recommendations for Future Interventions
Get PDFRelapse after weight loss is a prevalent issue and maintenance outcomes require improvement. This thesis investigates the role of planning in weight loss maintenance, the context in which good planning occurs and produces recommendations for the development of future interventions. After reviewing the literature relevant to this body of work, the need for research in this area and potential gains in supporting behaviour change maintenance are discussed. The first study investigates common perceptions of planning in a sample of participants who had been attempting weight loss maintenance for a period of six months (N = 53), using a mixed method approach. Quantitative findings indicate that maintainers engaged in more planful (rational) problem solving styles, and exhibited less impulsive and less avoidant problem solving styles. Qualitatively, maintainers constructed more plans and showed more accepting and forgiving attitudes in the face of mistakes or lapses than did their counterparts. The second study investigates the capacity for an email-based mindful snacking intervention to cultivate more mindful and less habitual snacking over two weeks, among participants who self-identified as wanting to change their snacking habits (N = 78). A secondary aim examines the potential to cultivate self-compassion alongside mindful snacking. Both mindful eating and action-planning are used within the intervention. Results show that while mindful eating significantly increased, snacking habit strength also significantly increased and self-compassion significantly decreased over the two week intervention period. Likely mechanisms and implications of these changes are discussed. The third study investigates the role of plan quality, problem solving style, coping style and self-compassion in predicting engagement/disengagement intentions following different feedback conditions. Participants who completed the intervention in study 2 and additional measures for study 3 (N = 72) were provided with either positive or negative feedback regarding their intervention outcomes and subsequently asked about their intentions to either continue or discontinue their practice. Findings indicate that neither the feedback condition (positive vs negative), nor actual improvement in habit scores significantly predicted future intentions. However, self-compassion, problem-solving skill and coping style as well as the degree of perceived helpfulness of the intervention each significantly predicted future intentions in univariate models. Backwards-entry logistic regression was used to explore the strongest predictors and only disengagement coping and perceived helpfulness remained as significant predictors, controlling for the effects of feedback, habit improvement, plan quality, problem-solving skill, engagement coping and self-compassion. The thesis concludes with a critical appraisal of the presented studies, a discussion of methodological considerations and interpretations within the broader context of the behaviour change maintenance literature. Recommendations for future interventions are presented and the clinical implications of this research are highlighted.Thesis (Combined MPsych (Clin) & PhD) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 202
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