1,720,978 research outputs found
The reporting of statistical significance in scientific journals
Full text linkScientific journals in most empirical disciplines have regulations about how authors should report the precision of their estimates of model parameters and other model elements. Some journals that overlap fully or partly with the field of demography demand as a strict prerequisite for publication that a p-value, a confidence interval, or a standard deviation accompany any parameter estimate. I feel that this rule is sometimes applied in an overly mechanical manner. Standard deviations and p-values produced routinely by general-purpose software are taken at face value and included without questioning, and features that have too high a p-value or too large a standard deviation are too easily disregarded as being without interest because they appear not to be statistically significant. In my opinion authors should be discouraged from adhering to this practice, and flexibility rather than rigidity should be encouraged in the reporting of statistical significance. I would also encourage thoughtful rather than mechanical use of p-values, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and the like.statistical significance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Whither the whale shark wanders: Tools and methods for modelling whale shark movement
Full text linkThe whale shark is the largest fish living in our oceans but little isknown about its ecology and natural history. Tagging studies allow us to learn more about whale shark movements and habitat use. This knowledge is essential for planning the management and conservation of whale sharks to ensure their continued coexistence with humans.This thesis is concerned with modelling the movements of whale sharks using stochastic models estimated from tracks obtained by tagging studies. In particular, it focusses on using stochastic differential equations being driven by potential functions. Approximations are presented that reduce the task of estimating the potential function to regression problems. I present a method for obtaining smooth potential functions and explicitly modelling measurement error.The primary scientific questions addressed by the thesis are: Where do whale sharks go, both in terms of geographical location and habitat? Do whale sharks interact with each other? Remote sensing data on sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration and sea surface currents are readily available. These time varying covariates are incorporated into the potential function model allowing investigation of their influence on the whale shark's movements
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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Integrating grouped and ungrouped data: the point process case
Full text linkGrouped data is a topic that goes back to the end of the nineteenth century at least. Kulldorff (1961) refers to grouping as a special case of a more general kind of procedure, called partial grouping. A partially grouped sample refers to the case where available information is associated with a collection of disjoint sets partitioning a domain. The sample space is divided into non-overlapping sets. In some of these sets only the counts of observations are recorded (grouped data) while the individual values of the observations falling in the other sets are recorded (ungrouped data). This thesis focuses on spatially partially grouped data.This work is motivated by an interest in modeling the locations and times of wildfire occurrences that happened in the Continental United States in the period from 1986 to 1996. The data cover fires that occurred in federal and non-federal lands. The federal data consisted of each fire's point location (latitude and longitude) while the non-federal fires were aggregated by county. Wildfires occurrences can be considered as a point process in. Brillinger, Preisler and Benoit (2003) approximate a point process by a binary process. We propose integrating the two levels of aggregate data, points and counts, by modeling the fires as a binary 0-1 process on space. The sample space is partitioned into small pixels arranged in a regular two dimensional grid. Each pixel either has a fire or not. The numbers of fires in each non-overlapping set are assumed to be independent and to follow a Binomial distribution.Under the assumption that the wildfire rate is a smooth varying function of space we propose a spatial smoothing method for partially grouped data. This smoother is based on local regression using the binary process to approximate the partial grouped data.Based on the binary-valued approximation a logit model is used with the the National Fire Danger Rating System fuel model as explanatory variables. The estimated probabilities are included in a map with the associated uncertainty levels
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