1,720,968 research outputs found
Improvement of environmental quality in intensive pig farming through an integrated bioactivation program for the control and prevention of swine mycoplasmal pneumonia
Full text linkThe decline of pig health status is the effect of a bad air quality inside breeding facilities related to the concentration of biogases derived from the action of faecal microbial flora on urine nitrogen. Bioactivation of the environment with bacterialenzymatic mixtures is able to reduce this chemical emanation. An experimental trial has been performed to evaluate the efficacy of the bioactivation treatment to prevent mycoplasmal pneumonia in finishing pigs. Treated and untreated groups, different treatment schemes and different floors have been compared. The ammonia concentration was checked by a chemical method. M. hyopneumoniae infection was evaluated through seroprevalence and by a quantitative lung-scoring system. For all slaughter-lots average carcass weight was recorded. The decrease of the environmental ammonia concentration resulted in lower lung-scores and higher carcass weight
Mesocosm‐based simulations to optimize a bioremediation strategy for the effective restoration of wildfire‐impacted soils contaminated with high‐molecular‐weight hydrocarbons
Full text linkAims: We obtained four microbial isolates from soil exposed to forest fire and evaluated their potential bioremediation activity when combined with a biosurfactant-producing bacterial strain for the decontamination of wildfire-impacted soil polluted with high-molecular-weight (HMW) hydrocarbons. Methods and Results: We established mesocosm trials to compare three bioremediation strategies: natural attenuation, bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Chemical analysis, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were used to evaluate the bioremediation efficiency and speciation of the microbial cenoses based on these approaches. After treatment for 90 days, bioaugmentation removed 75·2–75·9% of the HMW hydrocarbons, biostimulation removed 63·2–69·5% and natural attenuation removed ~22·5%. Hydrocarbon degradation was significantly enhanced in the mesocosm supplemented with the biosurfactant-producing bacterial strain after 20 and 50 days of treatment compared to the other bioremediation strategies. Conclusions: We found that the bioaugmentation approach was more effective than biostimulation and natural attenuation for the removal of HMW hydrocarbons from fire-impacted soil. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our study showed that micro-organisms from wildfire-impacted soil show significant potential for bioremediation, and that biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains can be combined with them as part of an effective bioremediation strategy
Impiego di un programma integrato di bioattivazione per il controllo della polmonite micoplasmica del suino.
No full textLa qualità dell’aria nelle strutture di allevamento dei suini dipende soprattutto dalla concentrazione dei biogas, derivati dall’azione della flora microbica fecale sull’urea contenuta nelle urine; il peggioramento della qualità ambientale è alla base di molti problemi sanitari, basati in primo luogo sull’impossibilità degli animali a mantenere un bilancio organico corretto. Una soluzione possibile e innovativa è rappresentata dalla bioattivazione con miscele batterico-enzimatiche; per questa via, si può ottenere una riduzione delle emanazioni, controllando anche la formazione di sostanze dannose per l’ambiente.
È stato programmato un intervento in due aziende suinicole (il reparto di magronaggio-ingrasso di un ciclo chiuso completo e un allevamento di solo ingrasso), per controllare il danno indotto dall’infezione micoplasmica nelle fasi di produzione a flusso continuo; sono stati messi a confronto gruppi trattati e non trattati, diversi tipi di pavimentazione (grigliato completo, concreto completo e misto grigliato-concreto) e più schemi d’intervento, utilizzando, da soli o in combinazione, bioattivatori in polvere e liquidi. Il sistema di bioattivazione impiegato comprende due bioattivatori (in polvere e soluzione) e un prodotto naturale di origine vegetale da aggiungere alla razione alimentare. La polvere è stata distribuita sulle pavimentazioni, in ragione di 0,5 kg per 100 mq ogni 15 giorni mediante spargimento manuale, mentre la soluzione è stata aerosolizzata nell’ambiente di stabulazione, mediante impianto computerizzato, in ragione di 1 litro ogni 100 mq al mese; il prodotto
vegetale, per la sua composizione in grado di riequilibrare la flora intestinale, è stato invece aggiunto quotidianamente alla razione, in ragione di 500 g/t di mangime. I rilievi e le osservazioni hanno riguardato la concentrazione di azoto ammoniacale (rilevata con metodo chimico), la presenza di anticorpi specifici per M. hyopneumoniae prima e dopo il periodo di trattamento (valutata con metodo ELISA), i punteggi polmonari al macello (valutati con metodo quantitativo) e il peso medio di partita.
In tutti i gruppi trattati, la sieroprevalenza per M. hyopneumoniae è stata elevata, a dimostrazione della circolazione dell’infezione nel periodo di osservazione, ma la diminuzione della concentrazione ambientale dell’ammoniaca (ottenuta grazie all’impiego dei bioattivatori) ha permesso di ottenere benefici evidenti sul punteggio polmonare medio, confermati dalla significatività statistica delle differenze, e sul peso medio di partita. In rapporto ai tipi di pavimentazione, la bioattivazione ha fornito i risultati migliori combinando polvere e liquido sul grigliato completo.
I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che nelle situazioni di allevamento, la stabilizzazione del bilancio organico degli animali attraverso una gestione ambientale che, ne garantisca anche il benessere è una soluzione attuabile, in una logica di depotenziamento delle infezioni; essi sono la conseguenza dell’accresciuta reattività degli animali, correlata ad un miglior bilancio organico, piuttosto che l’effetto di un’azione diretta sui patogeni; è in corso la valutazione della reattività immunitaria aspecifica dei suini sottoposti a trattamento, per correlare stato sanitario e produttività al miglioramento della qualità ambientale
Xyccarph myops Brignoli, 1978, n. sp.
No full textXyccarph myops n. sp. (Abb. 1) Fundort und Material: Brasilien-Amazonas, Umgebung von Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 15. IV. 1966 (A 3), L. Beck leg., 1 [[male]] (Holotypus, LNK). Beschreibung [[male]] ([[female]] unbekannt): niedriges, längliches, glattes, gelbliches Prosoma, im Umriß unregelmäßig sechseckig (laterale Seiten länger als die anderen), etwas erhöht im hinteren (Thorax) Teil; sehr niedriger Clypeus; undeutliche Spuren von zwei völlig depigmentierten Augen (Stellung etwa wie in Diblemma); Labium ohne Besonderheiten; Sternum schildförmig, gelblich, glatt, breit abgestutzt (die IV Coxae um weniger als ihren Durchmesser trennend). Chelizeren ohne Besonderheiten, ohne Zähne; Gnathocoxae und Pedipalpus (siehe Abb. 1); gelbliche, behaarte aber unbewehrte Beine, Femora IV etwas verdickt. Opisthosoma weiß behaart, länglich. Maße (in mm): Prosoma 0,56 lang, 0,40 breit; Opisthosoma 0,54 lang. Totallänge: 1,10. Derivatio nominis:,, myops " heißt „ kurzsichtig "; der Gattungsname,, Xyccarph " (neutrum) ist der eines imaginären Landes in einem Roman von Clark Ashton Smith. B eziehungen: Von den schon bekannnten südamerikanischen Oonopidae gehört X. tenuis (Vellard, 1924) comb. nov. (beschrieben als Stenoonops) aus Brasilien (Niteroi) wahrscheinlich zu Xyccarph. Diese Art ist völlig pigmentiert und hat 6 normale Augen in drei Gruppen; der Pedipalpus (nach Vellard, 1.924: 128) hat „ patelle courte, tibia plus court que la patelle (d'un quart), tarse formant avec le bulbe une masse ovoide termine à la partie sup. par 1 grosse pointe mousse dirigée en dehors ".Published as part of Brignoli, P. M., 1978, Spinnen aus Brasilien IV. Zwei neue blinde Bodenspinnen aus Amazonien (Arachnida, Araneae)., pp. 143-147 in Beiträge zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland 37 on page 14
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Post-fire rehabilitation of forest soils through integrated bioremediation strategies: a case study
No full textCombustion of fores biomass generates dangerous contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Thus, removal of these compounds is a pre-requisite to accelerate environmental restoration of fire-affected areas. Here, two different bioremediation strategies, namely soil bioaugmentation by means of the addition of a mycelial suspension of a Trichoderma sp. strain and soil biostimulation through the dispersion of a commercial landfarming formulation to enhance the native hydrocarbonoclastic microbial community by simply adjusting soil nutrients, were compared to verify the biotreatability of wildfire-generated toxic hydrocarbons (BTEX, LMW PAHs and C12-40 hydrocarbon fraction)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Monoblemma becki Brignoli, 1978, n. sp.
No full textMonoblemma becki n. sp. Fundort und Material: Brasilien - Amazonas, Umgebung von Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 21. XII. 65 (A 5), 14. IV. 66 (A 1), L. Beck leg., 2 [[male]] [[male]] (Holotypus, LNK; Paratypus, CBL). Beschreibung [[male]] (5 unbekannt): orangenes Prosoma (Abb. 4 - 5), relativ erhöht, aber nicht wie bei Matta hambletoni Crosby, mit wenigen Haaren, glatt, außer am Rand, ohne Spur von Augen; Labium breiter als lang; Sternum gelblich, herzförmig, unbehaart, sehr fein bekörnt. Chelizeren (Abb. 2) unspezialisiert; Pedipalpus (Abb. 3) mit äußerst einfachem Bulbus; gelbliche, unbewehrte Beine. Vollig gepanzertes orangenes Opisthosoma. Maße (in mm): Prosoma 0,38 lang, 0,34 breit; Opisthosoma 0,48 lang. Totallánge: 0,86. Derivatio nominis: Ich widme diese Art ihrem Sammler, Herrn Prof. Dr. L. Beck. Beziehungen: Aus Nord- und Südamerika sind bis jetzt nur 4 Tetrablemmidae bekannt und zwar „ Tetrablemma " cambridgei Bryant 1940 (Cuba und Mexiko, vgl. auch Blandin, 1977), „ T. " sbordonii brignoli, 1972 (Mexiko), Matta hambletoni Crosby, 1934 (Brasilien) und Monoblemma unicum Gertsch, 1941 (Panama). Matta hambletoni (aus Minas Gerais) hat eine sehr erhöhte Kopfpartie des Prosoma, einen kleinen vorderen Zahn auf den Chelizeren, die Tibia des Pedipalpus ist verdickt und der Bulbus hat einen kleinen Konduktor; nach all diesen Charakteren scheint mir die neue Art nicht mit M. hambletoni verwandt zu sein. Monoblemma unicum (sowohl Monoblemma wie Matta waren bis jetzt monotypisch) ähnelt sehr der neuen Art nach Prosoma und Pedipalpus; der Embolus ist aber nicht so gerade und ein einziges Auge ist vorhanden. Von den beiden,, Tetrablemma " (die offenbar nicht zu dieser Gattung gehören) könnte nach dem Prosoma und dem Bulbus cambridgei zur Gattung Monoblemma gehören, sbordonii hingegen wahrscheinlich nicht (wegen des Konduktors).Published as part of Brignoli, P. M., 1978, Spinnen aus Brasilien IV. Zwei neue blinde Bodenspinnen aus Amazonien (Arachnida, Araneae)., pp. 143-147 in Beiträge zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland 37 on pages 143-14
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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