228 research outputs found
Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula
No full textHeike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz, Brigitte Fiala (2016): Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Sociobiology 63 (1): 651-681, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.94
Crematogaster cephalotes Smith
No full textCrematogaster cephalotes Smith Crematogaster cephalotes (Smith, 1857) Type material examinedPublished as part of Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala, 2016, Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, pp. 651-681 in Sociobiology 63 (1) on page 681, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949, http://zenodo.org/record/26981
AHC interview with Brigitte Wachs.
No full textSep. 10, 2008Brigitte Wachs née Welisch was born on Oct. 12, 1932 in Graz, Austria, the daughter of Albert Welisch and his wife Margarete, née Loewy. In 1938 she, her parents, and the family of her uncle, Rudolf Welisch, escaped via Italy to Manila in the Philippines. She went to school there and experienced the Japanese occupation of the Philippines until the liberation by the US army. In 1948 the family immigrated to the United States, arriving in San Francisco, but moving immediately to New York City. Brigitte Wachs studied art in New York and worked as a textile designer. She retired in Englishtown, New Jersey as a mother of five and a grandmother of ten.Austrian Heritage Collectio
Macaranga glandibracteolata
No full textglandibracteolata, M. hullettii, M. indistincta, M. petanostyla, M. trachyphylla, M. umbrosa, the non-waxy form of M. aetheadenia, and the thinly wax-covered M. glandibracteolata as an exception of a glaucous host species). Queens colonize seedlings as well as the tips of mature hosts that have been abandoned due to the loss of the original colony. On Peninsula Malaysia secondarily polygynous colonies that contained several queens have been found locally in the Gombak area. In former publications by our group this species was referred to as Crematogaster msp. 4 (Fiala et al., 1999; Feldhaar et al., 2003a; Feldhaar et al., 2003b).Published as part of Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala, 2016, Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, pp. 651-681 in Sociobiology 63 (1) on page 670, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949, http://zenodo.org/record/26981
Crematogaster claudiae Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textCrematogaster claudiae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DD21EFA-093D-4CFF-AD78- BBDFB4664676 Holotype Queen (to be deposited in SMNK, provisional specimen number HF00-Mind.10-Q) (H. FELDHAAR) on 18.10.2000 in Poring Hot Spring from Macaranga indistincta CI 1.0, DPPW 0.44, DPW 0.46, EL 0.46, HL 1.28, HW 1.28, LHT 0.96, MTW 1.07, OD1 0.18, OD2 0.06, OW 0.15, PI 1.05, REL 0.36, RLEG 0.43, ROD 0.139, ROD2 0.049, SI 0.52, SL 0.66, (TL 6.8), WL 2.24 Paratype Worker collected from the same colony (to be deposited in SMNK, provisional specimen number HF00-Mind.10-W) CI 0.97, DPPW 0.18, DPW 0.21, EL 0.1, HL 0.72, HW 0.7, LHT 0.53, (LPS only nodiform elevation; distance from anterior to posterior margin of propodeal spiracle 0.068), MTW 0.42, PI 1.13, REL 0.16, RLEG 0,61, SI 0.64, SL 0.45, (TL 3.0), WL 0.87 Material examined Sabah (Borneo): Poring Hot Spring (H. Feldhaar, B. Fiala, A. Meenken), Tawau (H. Feldhaar) Worker measurements (n=8) CI 0.96-1.0, DPPW 0.16-0.19, DPW 0.19-0.23, EL 0.1- 0.14, HL 0.65-0.75, HW 0.61-0.72, LHT 0.46-0.56, LPS 0.053- 0.094 (in part only nodiform elevation above propodeal spiracle), MTW 0.39-0.45, PI 1.13-1.29, REL 0.16-0.19, RLEG 0.58-0.69, SI 0.61-0.65, SL 0.39-0.45, (TL 2.5-3.4), WL 0.7-0.94 Description of worker Colour uniformly medium brown. Workers monomorphic in size. Total body length of workers from 2.5 to 3.4 mm. Head, gaster and alitrunk shiny with smooth surface. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head, gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. Only few setae on alitrunk and one pair each on petiole and postpetiole. Head subquadratic but slightly elongated, always being longer than wide or as long as wide (CI ≤1.0) and only slightly convex on sides. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex and with a row of long erect setae projecting anteriorly. Occipital margin slightly convexly rounded, occipital lobes rounded. Mandibles relatively short and with four denticles, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Denticles increasing continuously in size from posterior (close to clypeus) to anterior. Surface of mandibles smooth, covered with short pubescent hairs. Antennae relatively short in comparison to head width (SI 0.61-0.65; mean 0.63) and covered in short pubescent hair. Terminal three funicular segments form a club. Compound eyes elliptically shaped and not protruding over margin of head in full-face view. Pronotum and mesonotum form a convex dome in profile. Anterodorsal surface of pronotum sloping downwards less steep than posterodorsal surface of mesonotum. Metanotal groove slightly notched. Promesonotal suture visible and dorsally slightly notched. Propodeal spines very short or nearly absent, but then dorsally of the propodeal spiracle nodiform elevation. When short spines are present, the tip of the spines protrudes only slightly over posterior margin of the propodeal spiracle (Fig S1.7C and S1.7D). Slope of the posterior face of the propodeum similar to posterior slope of mesonotum and approximately 45°. In dorsal view petiole and postpetiole round in shape. Petiole always distinctly wider than the postpetiole (PI: 1.13- 1.29). In lateral view the anterior face of the petiolar node flattened and sloping downwards anteriorly and petiole longer than postpetiole. Dorsal surface of the postpetiolar node in profile rounded, lateral nodes visible. Subpetiolar process usually absent. (See Table 1 for comparative overview of worker characters.) Queen measurements (n=11) CI 1.0-1.05, DPPW 0.41-0.48, DPW 0.44-0.52, EL 0.45-0.5, HL 1.23-1.29, HW 1.23-1.30, LHT 0.90-0.96, MTW 0.99-1.21, OD1 0.17-0.22, OD2 0.06-0.09, OW 0.13- 0.16, PI 0.97-1.1, REL 0.36-0.39, RLEG 0.42-0.49, ROD 0.131-0.167, ROD2 0.049-0.071, SI 0.51-0.52, SL 0.64-0.67, (TL 6.5-7.2), WL 2.13-2.31 Description of queen Queens medium in size, from 6.5 to 7.2 mm in total body length and uniformly medium brown in colour. Surface of head and gaster smooth and shiny alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. A row of long erect setae pointing anterior present on the clypeus. Mandibles relatively short, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Head approximately as wide as long (CI: 0.99-1.05; mean 1.01). Sides of the head straight and head narrowing slightly from posterior towards clypeus. Occipital margin of the head slightly concave. Occipital lobes strongly rounded. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex. Terminal four segments of funiculus continuously increasing in size forming an indistinct antennal club. Antennal scrobes strongly developed, with an acute and marked dorsal margin; the frontal carinae short. Compound eyes oval-shaped from lateral view and convex from dorsal view, with the margin of the compound eyes protruding from the sides of the head (see Fig 3.4; Fig S1.7A and S1.7B). Diameter of the compound eyes spans slightly over one third of HL (REL 0.36-0.39). Maximum diameter of compound eyes ranges from 0.45 to 0.5 mm. Ocelli relatively small in diameter. Diameter of median ocellus (OW) always smaller than distance between lateral ocelli (OD1). Mesoscutum convexly rounded anterodorsally. Mesoscutellum nearly in horizontal plane in lateral view. Propodeum flattened dorsally and then drops off at an angle of approximately 45° posterior of the propodeal spiracle. Mesoscutum relatively short, stretching out over less than half of the alitrunk in lateral view. In dorsal view, the posterior margin of the propodeum slightly convexly rounded and the mesonotum broadly triangular. Propodeum not armed with spines. Node of petiole and postpetiole in dorsal view rounded. Petiole as wide as or wider than the postpetiole (mean PI: 1.05). In lateral view petiole anterodorsally flattened and sloping downwards and slightly longer than the postpetiole. Postpetiole round in dorsal and lateral view without distinct nodes. (See Table 1 for comparative overview of queen characters.) Distribution and biology Crematogaster claudiae is endemic to Borneo, possibly even to Sabah (see below). The species had mainly been found on two different species of the section Pachystemon (M. glandibracteolata and M. indistincta). We have evidence that this species may hybridize (at least locally) with Crematogaster captiosa (in Poring Hot Spring) and presumably fertile offspring (queens) can be produced by rare hybrid queens (Feldhaar et al., 2008; Feldhaar et al., 2010). In comparison to all other species of the captiosa - subgroup the queens have relatively small compound eyes (smaller than 0.5 mm) and an earlier onset of reproduction, when colonies comprise approximately 500 workers. Unlike the queens of other captiosa -subgroup species, queens of C. claudiae only colonize saplings.. Two samples contained in the phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA (Feldhaar et al., 2010) collected in Sarawak cluster with samples of C. claudiae from Sabah (see above in distribution and biology of C. hullettii). Thus, we can currently not exclude that C. claudiae has a wider distributional range than Sabah only. In former publications by our group this species was referred to as Crematogaster msp. 10 (Feldhaar et al., 2008; Feldhaar et al., 2010).Published as part of Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala, 2016, Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, pp. 651-681 in Sociobiology 63 (1) on pages 670-671, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949, http://zenodo.org/record/26981
Crematogaster roslihashimi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textCrematogaster roslihashimi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:96 E181ED-FEC 7-4 D83 - 973E- E34EFBBE3735 Holotype Queen (to be deposited in SMNK, provisional specimen number 22UM-Q) (U. Maschwitz) on 2.12.1996 in Kuantan from Macaranga constricta CI 0.84, DPPW 0.45, DPW 0.45, EL 0.3, HL 1.13, HW 0.95, LHT 0.81, MTW 0.83, OD1 0.11, OD2 0.05, OW 0.07, PI 1.0, REL 0.27, RLEG 0.43, ROD 0.12, ROD2 0.05, SI 0.6, SL 0.57, (TL 5.8), WL 1.9 Paratype Worker collected from the same colony (to be deposited in SMNK, provisional specimen number 22UM-W). CI 0.90, DPPW 0.18, DPW 0.19, EL 0.09, HL 0.61, HW 0.55, LHT 0.51, (LPS not measured, no spines), MTW 0.34, PI 1.06, REL 0.14, RLEG 0.72, SI 0.74, SL 0.41, (TL 2.8), WL 0.71 Additional material examined Peninsula Malaysia: Kuantan (U. Maschwitz) [2 samples: one sample with a single queen only and in the second sample a series of workers and queens] Worker measurements (n=3) CI 0.90-0.91, DPPW 0.18-0.19, DPW 0.19-0.20, EL 0.09 -0.1, HL 0.61-0.65, HW 0.55-0.59, LHT 0.5-0.52, (LPS not measured, no spines), MTW 0.34-0.36, PI 1.02-1.07, REL 0.14-0.15, RLEG 0.71-0.73, SI 0.69-0.74, SL 0.41, (TL 2.8- 2.9), WL 0.69-0.73 Description of worker Colour uniformly light to medium brown. Workers monomorphic in size. Total body length of workers 2.8 mm to 2.9 mm, but this is a measurement from a single mature colony only. Workers from incipient colonies are expected to be smaller. Head and gaster shiny with smooth surface, alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. Only few setae on alitrunk and one pair each on petiole and postpetiole. Head distinctly longer than wide and only slightly rounded on sides (CI: 0.90-0.91). Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex and with a row of long erect setae projecting anteriorly. Clypeus with a small median node. Occipital margin slightly concavely rounded, occipital lobes rounded. Mandibles relatively short and with four denticles, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Denticles increasing continuously in size from most proximate to most distal denticle. Surface of mandibles smooth, covered with short pubescent hairs. Antennae relatively long in comparison to head width (SI 0.69-0.74) and densely covered in short pubescent hair. Terminal two funicular segments forming a club. Compound eyes elliptically-shaped and not protruding over margin of head in full-face view. Pronotum and mesonotum form a convex dome in profile. Anterodorsal surface of pronotum sloping downwards as steep as posterodorsal surface of mesonotum. Metanotal groove slightly notched and clearly developed, whereas the promesonotal suture barely visible and not prominent. Propodeal spines always absent. A nodiform elevation may be present above the propodeal spiracle, albeit not very prominent. Slope of the posterior face of the propodeum similar to posterior slope of mesonotum and approximately 45°. In dorsal view petiole and postpetiole approximately the same width or petiole slightly broader. Anterodorsal surface of petiole broadly flattened. Both petiole and postpetiole round in dorsal view. Subpetiolar process usually absent. Petiole and postpetiole wide in comparison to MTW (MTW/DPW: 1.8 and usually larger than 1.9). (See Table 1 for comparative overview of worker characters.) Queen measurements (n=4) CI 0.84-0.89, DPPW 0.46-0.5, DPW 0.45-0.48, EL 0.3- 0.32,HL 1.10-1.15, HW 0.95-1.02, LHT 0.81, MTW 0.8-0.87, OD1 0.11-0.16, OD2 0.05-0.08, OW 0.07-0.09, PI 0.96-1.0, REL 0.27-0.28, RLEG 0.43-0.46, ROD 0.12-0.17, ROD2 0.05- 0.08, SI 0.57-0.64, SL 0.57-0.61, (TL 5.8-6.1), WL 1.73-1.9 Description of queen Queens small, 5.8 to 6.1 mm in total body length and uniformly medium to dark brown in colour. Surface of head, gaster and alitrunk not structured but densely covered in pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. A row of long erect setae pointing anterior present on the clypeus. Mandibles relatively short, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Head distinctly longer than wide (CI: 0.84-0.89). Sides of the head straight and not becoming narrow towards the clypeus. Occipital margin of the head convex. Occipital lobes rounded. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex. Terminal four segments of funiculus forming a distinct antennal club. Funiculus covered densely in pubescent hair so that borders between antennal segments barely visible. Antennal scrobes strongly developed, with an acute and marked dorsal margin; the frontal carinae short. Compound eyes only slightly oval-shaped from lateral view and maximum head width with compound eyes only slightly wider than HW (see Fig 3.8; Fig S1.8A and S1.8B). Compound eyes small relative to head length spanning one third or less of HL (REL 0.27-0.28). Maximum diameter of compound eyes 0.3 to 0.32 mm. Ocelli relatively small in diameter. The two lateral ocelli widely spaced and the median ocellus always smaller in diameter than the distance between the two lateral ocelli. Mesoscutum convexly rounded anterodorsally. Mesoscutellum nearly in horizontal plane in lateral view. Propodeum flattened dorsally and then drops off steeply posterior of the propodeal spiracle. Mesoscutum relatively short, stretching out over approximately a third of the alitrunk in lateral view. In dorsal view, the posterior margin of the propodeum forms a straight line and the mesonotum is broadly triangular. Propodeum not armed with spines. Petiole in dorsal view rounded and node approximately as wide as long. Petiole slightly less wide than postpetiole (PI≤1.0). In lateral view the petiole and postpetiole nodiform. Petiole and postpetiole broad in relation to MTW (MTW/DPW 1.69-1.78; in all other Macaranga -associated Decacrema MTW/DPW rarely <2.0). (See Table 1 for comparative overview of queen characters.) Distribution and biology Crematogaster roslihashimi is a very rare species endemic to a small region on the East coast of Peninsula Malaysia (near Kuantan) and is was found on only two waxcovered hosts of the section Pachystemon (M. constricta, M. hypoleuca). The species is closely related to Crematogaster decamera based on mitochondrial DNA as well as nuclear DNA (EF-1a) (Feldhaar et al., 2003b; Feldhaar et al., 2010). The species was formerly called Crematogaster msp. 9 in publications by our group (Fiala et al., 1999).Published as part of Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala, 2016, Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, pp. 651-681 in Sociobiology 63 (1) on pages 664-665, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949, http://zenodo.org/record/26981
Crematogaster captiosa Forel
No full text<p> <i>Crematogaster captiosa</i> Forel is a very widespread species occurring over the whole distributional range of the <i>Crematogaster-Macaranga</i> association (Peninsula Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo). The species has a wide host-range but is usually restricted to non-waxy hosts of the section <i>Pachystemon</i> (<i>M. angulata, M. bancana, M. calcicola, M.</i></p>Published as part of <i>Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala, 2016, Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, pp. 651-681 in Sociobiology 63 (1)</i> on page 669, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/269814">http://zenodo.org/record/269814</a>
Crematogaster captiosa Forel
No full text<p> <i>Crematogaster captiosa</i> Forel is a very widespread species occurring over the whole distributional range of the <i>Crematogaster-Macaranga</i> association (Peninsula Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo). The species has a wide host-range but is usually restricted to non-waxy hosts of the section <i>Pachystemon</i> (<i>M. angulata, M. bancana, M. calcicola, M.</i></p>Published as part of <i>Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala, 2016, Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, pp. 651-681 in Sociobiology 63 (1)</i> on page 669, DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/269814">http://zenodo.org/record/269814</a>
Temperature and a dominant dolichoderine ant species affect ant diversity in Indonesian cacao plantations
No full textAgricultural land conversion and climate change play a major role in shaping tropical landscapes, but thedirect and indirect links to biodiversity and species community composition remain little understood.We tested how landscape and environmental factors and management techniques, affect the diversity ofground and tree living ants in cacao plantations in Sulawesi (Indonesia). In addition, we investigated theoccurrence of an aggressive, numerically dominant dolichoderine ant species (genusPhilidris). Half of the43 study plots, which differed in canopy cover, shade tree diversity, cacao tree age and their distance tothe nearest rainforest, were weeded manually every 3 month, the others biannually. Each plot wasdivided into two subplots, one was fertilized twice a year whereas the other remained unfertilized. Usingprotein and sugar-solution baits, we examined species richness, abundances and interspecificinteractions of ants on the ground and in cacao trees. In total we collected 160 ant morphospecies.Reduced ant species richness on the ground and in the trees was significantly correlated with highermean temperatures while the other factors, including number of shade trees did not have any significantinfluence. The abundant and aggressivePhilidrisspecies, reduced arboreal ant species richness. Itoccurred more frequently in warmer, less shaded plots and on older cacao trees, which offer morenesting sites. In our study we show, that micro-climatic conditions and the occurrence of singleecologically dominant species are the major factors predicting species diversity in tropical agriculturalecosystems
A minor pest reduces yield losses by a major pest: plant-mediated herbivore interactions in Indonesian cacao
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