177,265 research outputs found
On the Boolean dimension of spherical orders
No full textIt is well known that if a planar order P is bounded, i.e. has only one minimum and one maximum, then the dimension of P (LD(P)) is at most 2, and if we remove the restriction that P has only one maximum then LD(P) less than or equal to 3. However, the dimension of a bounded order drawn on the sphere can be arbitrarily large. The Boolean dimension BD(P) of a poset P is the minimum number of linear orders such that the order relation of P can be written as some Boolean combination of the linear orders. We show that the Boolean dimension of bounded spherical orders is never greater than 4, and is not greater than 5 in the case the poset has more than one maximal element, but only one minimum. These results are obtained by a characterization of spherical orders in terms of containment between circular arcs
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Climatic changes and anthropogenic influences on Rhizosolenia imbricata Brightwell 1858 Bacillariophyceae Bloom in Sisostris Bay, Port Blair, Andaman, India
Get PDF425-430Present study consists the Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of Rhizosolenia imbricata Brightwell 1858 in SisostrisBay, Port Blair, South Andaman region during February 2013. R. imbricata was counted as 24,000 colony/L observed 3 days blooms appeared in study site. Role of nutrients and environmental parameters changes during bloom outbreak is also investigated. Status of temperature, salinity and nutrient nitrite as the principal limiting parameters for this bloom is presented in this study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465221135769 – Supplemental material for Depressed Protein Synthesis and Anabolic Signaling Potentiate ACL Tear–Resultant Quadriceps Atrophy
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465221135769 for Depressed Protein Synthesis and Anabolic Signaling Potentiate ACL Tear–Resultant Quadriceps Atrophy by Alexander R. Keeble, Camille R. Brightwell, Christine M. Latham, Nicholas T. Thomas, C. Brooks Mobley, Kevin A. Murach, Darren L. Johnson, Brian Noehren and Christopher S. Fry in The American Journal of Sports Medicine</p
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Tuberocephalus tsengi Blackman & Brightwell & Dransfield & Brown 2020
No full text<i>Tuberocephalus tsengi</i> (Tao) <p> = <i>Myzus tsengi</i> Tao, 1963</p> <p> = <i>Tuberocephalus sasakii</i> (Matsumura) [partim]: Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers, 1976; Remaudière & Remaudière, 1997; Su, Jiang & Qiao 2010.</p> <p> = <i>Tuberocephalus sasakii</i> (Matsumura): Noordam, 2004.</p> <p> <b>Apterous viviparous female (alienicola). (figs 1, 2a,d,e,g).</b> Colour in life: yellowish green with dark red eyes, black tips to antennae, legs and siphunculi, and a pale cauda (fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Morphology (for measurements see Table 1):</b> Body oval (fig. 2a). Head spiculose, antennal tubercles well developed, with rugose thumb-like, rounded processes about as long as their basal widths, projecting inwards and forwards and bearing thick hairs that are about as long as the basal diameter of the antennal segment III and have blunt or slightly expanded apices (fig. 2e). Inner sides of antennal segment I are swollen and rugose but not projecting forward beyond base of antennal segment II, and having hairs that are generally much smaller than those on the antennal tubercles.Antennae 6-segmented, with heavy imbrication, about 0.5–0.6 of body length.Antennal segment VI with a relatively short processus terminalis, about twice the length of the base of the segment. Eyes large with well-developed ocular tubercles. Rostrum about one quarter of body length, with last segment (R IV+V) narrowly wedge-shaped, straight-sided, more than 1.4 × longer than hind tarsus segment II, and bearing 2–3 small accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. Dorsal integument sinuously corrugated (fig. 2d), with short, mostly blunt hairs; those on anterior abdomen maximally 8–10 µm long, the hairs on abdominal tergite 8 being 17–20 µm long. Siphunculi with coarse, scaly imbrication and a large flange (fig. 2g), 1.85–2.46 × longer than the cauda which is digitiform, tapering, and bears 4–7 hairs.</p> <p> <b>Alate viviparous female (fig 2c; based on 2 specimens).</b> Colour in life unknown, but presumably head, thorax, dorsal sclerites, siphunculi and cauda are brown-black; legs also dark except for basal parts of femora and central parts of tibiae.</p> <p> <b>Morphology (for measurements see Table 2):</b> Antennal tubercles much lower than in aptera, converging apically. First antennal segment much thicker than second with inner side gibbous and rugose. Antennae 6-segmented; basal segments of flagellum heavily imbricated, with small rounded secondary rhinaria distributed III 21–37, IV 6–12, V 0. Processus terminalis c.2.2 × longer than base of sixth segment (only measurable on one antenna). Forewings with twice-branched media. Dorsal abdomen with marginal sclerites and broad transverse sclerites on tergites 2–7, those on at least 3–5 partially fused to form a large irregularly margined central patch. Siphunculi 2.1–2.5 × longer than cauda.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Type material:</b> CHINA, Sichuan Prov., Chengtu, C.C. Tao <i>leg</i>., 29.iii.1937: 9 apterae and 1 alata on <i>Artemisia</i> sp. (on 2 slides mixed with <i>Capitophorus formosartemisiae</i>). [These bear the original label identifying them as <i>Myzus tsengi</i>, and have the collection locality and date agreeing with the original description (Tao, 1963), so they clearly constitute the type series (ICZN Article 72.4.1.1). In accordance with Article 74.7, we have designated one aptera as a lectotype (arrowed on slide). This material is in the insect collection of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute.]</p> <p> <b> Other material of <i>T. tsengi</i>:</b> ENGLAND, Sussex, Rye Harbour, R. Dransfield <i>leg.</i>, 13.v.2018, 7 apterae on <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> (1708); INDONESIA, Java, Tosari, D. Noordam <i>leg.</i>, 14.vi.1976, 4 apterae amd 1 alata on <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> (BM 1984-340); WEST MALAYSIA, Pahang, Cameron Highlands near Brinchang, J.H. Martin <i>leg</i>., 13.ii.1985, 4 apterae on <i>Artemisia</i> ? <i>vulgaris</i> (JHM 4475); WEST MALAYSIA, same locality and collector, 27.x.2011, 9 apterae on <i>Artemisia</i> ? <i>vulgaris</i> (JHM 8564).</p> <p> <b> Material of <i>T. sasakii</i>:</b> JAPAN, Osaka, R. Takahashi <i>leg</i>., 18.viii.1958, 3 apterae on <i>Artemisia</i> sp. (BM 1961- 762); JAPAN, same locality and collector, vi.1957, 6 apterae on <i>Artemisia</i> sp. (BM 1984-340); JAPAN, Tochigi Pref., Nasu, M. Miyazaki <i>leg</i>., 12.viii.1969, 3 apterae on <i>Artemisia princeps</i> (MM 2661 and BM 1982-492); JA- PAN, Yamaguchi University, S. Hamasaki <i>leg</i>., 7–20.vi.1980, 3 apterae reared on <i>Artemisia princeps</i>, transferred to <i>Prunus lannesiana</i> (113/81); INDIA, West Bengal, Kalimpong, A.N. Basu <i>leg</i>., 20.i.1966, 3 apterae on <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> (BM 1984-340).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> There are a number of significant differences between apterous viviparae (alienicolae) of <i>T. tsengi</i> and those of <i>T. sasakii</i> (figs 2a,b). The antennal tubercles of <i>T. sasakii</i> project further forward than those of <i>T. tsengi</i>, and antennal segment I has a corresponding forward projection beyond base of antennal segment II, bearing thick hairs that are almost as long as those on the antennal tubercles (fig. 2f). The eyes of <i>T. sasakii</i> are reduced, and the ocular tubercles are not evident. The dorsal integument of <i>T. sasakii</i> is only slightly wrinkled. The siphunculi of <i>T. sasakii</i> have a less scaly, more spinulose imbrication, and a smaller flange (fig 2h). Morphometric characters are compared for specimens from several different countries in Table 1, where it can be seen that the specimens collected in England agree closely in all respects with the type material of <i>T. tsengi</i> from China. Apterae of <i>T. sasakii</i> from <i>Artemisia</i> have 5-segmented antennae in all specimens in the BMNH collection; this species is reported in the literature to have 5- or 6-segmented antennae, perhaps because of the confusion with <i>T. tsengi</i>, which consistently has apterae with 6-segmented antennae. Apterae of <i>T. sasakii</i> are mostly smaller than those of <i>T. tsengi</i>, have relatively longer antennae compared to body length, and higher ranges of the ratios of antennal processus terminalis to base of last antennal segment and siphuncular length to caudal length. The last rostral segment (R IV+V) of <i>T. sasakii</i> is shorter than that of <i>T. tsengi</i>, and the ratio of the length of R IV+V to the second segment of the hind tarsus is less in <i>T. sasakii</i>, with no overlap.</p> <p> There are also differences in the appearance in life and the feeding habit of the two species. Apterae of <i>T. sasakii</i> on <i>Artemisia</i> are whitish with a flattened body and feed adpressed to the undersides of mature leaves (Sorin & Remaudière 1998), whereas the apterae of <i>T.tsengi</i> collected in England were green with conspicuously dark-tipped siphunculi, as reported by both Tao (1963) and Noordam (2004), and colonised young growth.</p> <p> Only two alatae of <i>T. tsengi</i> were available and these both have an extensive dark dorsal abdominal sclerite, as illustrated by Noordam (2004, fig. 306, as <i>sasakii</i>). Alatae of <i>T. sasakii</i> from <i>Artemisia</i> were not available for comparison, those in the BMNH collection all being spring migrants from galls on <i>Prunus</i>, and these have only marginal sclerites. However, according to Monzen (1929), alatae of <i>T. sasakii</i> from <i>Artemisia</i> in Japan (gynoparae) are also without any extensive dorsal sclerotisation.</p> <p> In the keys to apterae on <i>Artemisia</i> provided by Blackman & Eastop (2006), <i>T. tsengi</i> runs to couplet 48 of Key C, which can be amended as follows:</p> <p> <b>48</b> ANT 5- or 6-segmented, 0.50–0.85 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.67–2.8. Dorsal cuticle wrinkled or smooth, not nodulose. Frontal projections thumb-like, 0.04–0.06 mm long, less than twice their diameter....................................…. <b>48a</b></p> <p> <b>-</b> ANT 4-, 5- or 6-segmented, 0.3–0.4 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.3–1.8. Dorsal abdominal cuticle markedly nodulose. Frontal projections finger-like, 0.08–0.1 mm long, 3 or more times longer than their diameter........... …. <i>Tuberocephalus artemisiae</i></p> <p> <b>48a</b> R IV+V 1.0–1.3 × HT II. ANT 5-segmented, 0.65–0.85 × BL, with PT/BASE 2.1–2.8. Inner sides of ANT I projecting forward and bearing long thick hairs like those on frons. SIPH 2.18–3.83 × cauda, with a moderate apical flange.................................................................................................. <i>Tuberocephalus sasakii</i></p> <p> <b>-</b> R IV+V 1.4–1.9 × HT II. ANT 6-segmented, 0.50–0.65 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.67–2.33. Inner sides of ANT I not projecting forward and bearing much smaller hairs than those on frons. SIPH 1.85–2.46 × cauda, with a large apical flange............................................................................................. <i>Tuberocephalus tsengi</i></p> <p>[An updated version of this key is available online (Blackman & Eastop, 2019).]</p>Published as part of <i>Blackman, Roger L., Brightwell, Robert, Dransfield, Robert D. & Brown, Paul A., 2020, Tuberocephalus tsengi (Tao, 1963) STAT. REV. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an East Asian Artemisia - feeding aphid species introduced to Britain, pp. 144-150 in Zootaxa 4743 (1)</i> on pages 144-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.1.14, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3687598">http://zenodo.org/record/3687598</a>
Resistance exercise training promotes fiber type-specific myonuclear adaptations in older adults
Get PDFResistance exercise training promotes fiber type-specific myonuclear adaptations in older adults. J Appl Physiol 128: 795 804, 2020. First published March 5, 2020; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00723.2019. Aging induces physiological decline in human skeletal muscle function and morphology, including type II fiber atrophy and an increase in type I fiber frequency. Resistance exercise training (RET) is an effective strategy to overcome muscle mass loss and improve strength, with a stronger effect on type II fibers. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of a 12-wk progressive RET program on the fiber type-specific skeletal muscle hypertrophic response in older adults. Nineteen subjects [10 men and 9 women (71.1 < 4.3 yr)] were studied before and after the 12-wk program. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to quantify myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression, cross-sectional area (CSA), satellite cell abundance, myonuclear content, and lipid droplet density. RET induced..
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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