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Improving the student's handwriting in various subjects in the 1st grade
No full textBakalaura darba tēma: Skolēna rokraksta pilnveidošana dažādos mācību priekšmetos 1.klasē. Bakalaura darba autore: Inese Briede. Vērtējot mūsdienu skolēnu rokrakstus un vērojot viņu aktivitāti viedierīcēs, darba autore ir izvēlējusies savam bakalaura darbam šo tēmu, lai meklētu jaunas rokraksta pilnveidošanas iespējas un pievērstu lielāku uzmanību rokraksta veidošanai jau 1.klasē. Pētījuma mērķis: teorētiski un empīriski pētīt skolēnu rokraksta pilnveidošanas iespējas dažādos mācību priekšmetos 1.klasē. Pētījuma hipotēze: skolēna rokraksta pilnveidošana pedagoģiskajā procesā tiks veicināta, ja 1.klasē rokraksta pilnveide tiks īstenota dažādos mācību priekšmetos. Darbs sastāv no divām nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā ir apkopota informācija par rokraksta veidošanu pedagoģiskajā procesā jaunākajā skolas vecumā un tā veicināšanas iespējām dažādos mācību priekšmetos, savukārtotrādarba nodaļa ir veltīta empīriskā pētījuma īstenošanai. Darbs sastāv no 47 lapām, 1 tabulas, 10 attēliem. Bakalaura darba rakstīšanā tika izmantoti 58 literatūras avoti. Atslēgvārdi: skolēns, rokraksts, pilnveidošana, attīstīšana, sākumskola.Theme of the thesis: Improving the student's handwriting in various subjects in the 1st grade. The author of the thesis: Inese Briede Seeing the handwriting of today's students and their activity in smart devices, the author of the paper has chosen this topic for her bachelor's thesis in order to look for new opportunities and pay more attention to the creation of handwriting already in the 1st grade. The purpose of the study: to theoretically and empirically study the possibilities of improving students' handwriting in various subjects in the 1st grade. Research hypothesis: improvement of the student's handwriting in the pedagogical process will be promoted if in the 1st grade handwriting improvement will be implemented in various subjects. The work consists of two chapters. The first chapter gathers information about handwriting creation in the pedagogical process at the youngest school age. In the second chapter, the author of the work gathered information of the research. The work consists of 47 pages, 1 table, 10 images. 58 literary sources were used in writing the bachelor thesis. Keywords: student, handwriting, improvement, development, schoo
Epiteliāli mezenhimālas transformācijas, iekaisuma un cilmes šūnu diferenciācijas saistība kolorektālā vēzī. Promocijas darbs
No full textThe Doctoral Thesis was developed at Rīga Stradiņš University, Department of Pathology, Latvia. Defence: at the public session of the Promotion Council of Basic Sciences of Medicine, includig Pharmacy on 13 December 2022 at 10.00, remotely via online platform Zoom.Colorectal cancer (CRC) and its treatment is one of the hot topics in medicine, as there is a still a high number of patients with CRC and deaths from CRC. In the era of personalized medicine, a huge field of research is devoted to inflammation, a process that plays an important dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumoural inflammation in CRC. The current theoretical background allows us to link inflammation, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in CRC. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of CRC, EMT, and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. Materials and methods: This retrospective, morphological, and immunohistochemical investigation involved 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated CRC. Besides histopathological CRC assessment, peritumoural inflammation, EMT-characterizing molecular parameters, and MMR protein immunohistochemical detection within CRC tissue was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. The research was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Committee of Ethics of Riga Stradins University [No E-9 (2), 04.09.2014].Results: The tumours of the 553 CRC cases were predominantly located in the left part of the bowel (70.9 %), and were significantly associated with an annular appearance and smaller size (p < 0.05). Mucinous and signet ring cell carcinomas detected within this study were associated with a larger tumour size and significant local structure involvement. Locally advanced tumours predominated within this study: pT3 comprised 49.6 % of cases, pT4 comprised 35.6 % of cases, and pN + comprised 40.5 % of cases. The extent of necrosis was significantly higher in tumours with higher pT, grade, and pN+. There were significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), the absence of lymph node metastases (p< 0.001), and less frequent local structure involvement (p< 0.05). Expression of EMT markers and MMR proteins yielded no significant associations with peritumoural inflammation based on the Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the eosinophil density (p = 0.007), and lower N-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the presence of synchronous CRC. Lower MMR protein expression was associated with changes in E-cadherin and CD44 expression (p< 0.05). Lower MLH1 expression was associated with a lower neutrophil density within the CRC (p = 0.02).Conclusion: High-grade peritumoural inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. Crohn’s disease-like lymphoid reaction (CLR) is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation based on the Klintrup-Mäkinen score and CLR are not dependent on EMT and stem cell differentiation. MMR protein expression is a marker for EMT within CRC, indicating the need to perform these tests on routine examination to detect patients who might need more advance treatment. MLH1 expression within CRC affects the density of neutrophils within peritumoural inflammation, showing a potential role for the MMR status in anti-tumour immunity. This research highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumour morphology, EMT, and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues
Epiteliāli mezenhimālas transformācijas, iekaisuma un cilmes šūnu diferenciācijas saistība kolorektālā vēzī. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums
No full textThe Doctoral Thesis was developed at Rīga Stradiņš University, Department of Pathology, Latvia. Defence: at the public session of the Promotion Council of Basic Sciences of Medicine, includig Pharmacy on 13 December 2022 at 10.00, remotely via online platform Zoom.Colorectal cancer (CRC) and its treatment is one of the hot topics in medicine, as there is a still a high number of patients with CRC and deaths from CRC. In the era of personalized medicine, a huge field of research is devoted to inflammation, a process that plays an important dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumoural inflammation in CRC. The current theoretical background allows us to link inflammation, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in CRC. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of CRC, EMT, and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. Materials and methods: This retrospective, morphological, and immunohistochemical investigation involved 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated CRC. Besides histopathological CRC assessment, peritumoural inflammation, EMT-characterizing molecular parameters, and MMR protein immunohistochemical detection within CRC tissue was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. The research was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Committee of Ethics of Riga Stradins University [No E-9 (2), 04.09.2014].Results: The tumours of the 553 CRC cases were predominantly located in the left part of the bowel (70.9 %), and were significantly associated with an annular appearance and smaller size (p < 0.05). Mucinous and signet ring cell carcinomas detected within this study were associated with a larger tumour size and significant local structure involvement. Locally advanced tumours predominated within this study: pT3 comprised 49.6 % of cases, pT4 comprised 35.6 % of cases, and pN + comprised 40.5 % of cases. The extent of necrosis was significantly higher in tumours with higher pT, grade, and pN+. There were significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), the absence of lymph node metastases (p< 0.001), and less frequent local structure involvement (p< 0.05). Expression of EMT markers and MMR proteins yielded no significant associations with peritumoural inflammation based on the Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the eosinophil density (p = 0.007), and lower N-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the presence of synchronous CRC. Lower MMR protein expression was associated with changes in E-cadherin and CD44 expression (p< 0.05). Lower MLH1 expression was associated with a lower neutrophil density within the CRC (p = 0.02).Conclusion: High-grade peritumoural inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. Crohn’s disease-like lymphoid reaction (CLR) is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation based on the Klintrup-Mäkinen score and CLR are not dependent on EMT and stem cell differentiation. MMR protein expression is a marker for EMT within CRC, indicating the need to perform these tests on routine examination to detect patients who might need more advance treatment. MLH1 expression within CRC affects the density of neutrophils within peritumoural inflammation, showing a potential role for the MMR status in anti-tumour immunity. This research highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumour morphology, EMT, and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues
Association of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Stemness and Inflammation in Colorectal Carcinoma. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
No full textPromocijas darbs izstrādāts Rīgas Stradiņa universitātē, Patoloģijas katedrā, Latvijā. Aizstāvēšana: Medicīnas bāzes zinātņu, tai skaitā farmācijas promocijas padomes atklātā sēdē 2022. gada 13. decmbrī plkst. 10:00, attālināti tiešsaistes platformā Zoom.Kolorektālais vēzis (KRV) joprojām ir viena no aktuālākajām problēmām medicīnā, jo novērojama tā augsta izplatība un augsts nāves gadījumu skaits. Personalizētās medicīnas laikmetā arvien lielāku nozīmi pievēršot imūnajai atbildei KRV gadījumā, liela nozīme ir arī iekaisuma izpētei. Peritumorozs iekaisums, lai arī tam ir divējāda loma kanceroģenēzē, ir pierādīts kā viens no KRV prognozē nozīmīgajiem faktoriem. Teorētiskajos pētījumos ir raksturota saistība starp iekaisumu, epiteliāli mezenhimālo transformāciju un cilmes šūnu diferenciāciju KRV, bet šobrīd tam ir maz tiešu morfoloģisku pierādījumu.Šī pētījuma mērķis bija raksturot iekaisuma nozīmi kolorektālā vēzī, analizējot tā saistību ar KRV morfoloģiskajiem prognostiskajiem faktoriem, epiteliāli mezenhimālo transformāciju (EMT) un DNS labotājgēnu proteīnu ekspresiju. Materiāli un metodes. Retrospektīvā pētījumā tika izvērtēti 553 secīgi ķirurģiski operēti KRV gadījumi. Tika veikta morfoloģiska un imūnhistoķīmiska izmeklēšana, nosakot KRV morfoloģiskos parametrus, kā audzēja izplatības dziļums (pT), metastātisku limfmezglu klātesamība (pN +), invāzija lokālajās struktūrās, nekrozes plašums. Tika novērtēts peritumorozs iekaisums, kā arī EMT un DNS labotājgēnu kodējošo proteīnu raksturojošo IHĶ marķieru ekspresija KRV audos. Tika veikta deskriptīva statistiska analīze. Pētījums veikts saskaņā ar Helsinku deklarāciju un ir saņēmis Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Ētikas komitejas atļauju (izsniegta 04.09.2014., E-9 (2)). Rezultāti. Pētījumā tika iekļauti 553 secīgi KRV gadījumi. Lielākā daļa audzēju bija lokalizēti kreisajā zarnu pusē (70,9 %), un tos raksturoja cirkulārs (gredzenveida) izskats, kā arī mazs audzēja izmērs (< 0,05). Pētījumā iekļautajiem KRV gadījumiem ar mucinozu un gredzenšūnu morfoloģiju bija raksturīgs liels audzēja izmērs un statistiski nozīmīga lokālo struktūru iesaiste. Pētījumā dominēja KRV gadījumi ar augstu lokālu izplatību: pT3 audzēji veidoja 49,6 %, pT4 35,6 % un pN + 40,5 % no pētāmās grupas. Audzējos ar augstu pT, pN un zemu diferenciācijas pakāpi tika novērota statistiski nozīmīgi plašāka nekrozes izplatība. Tika atrasta statistiski nozīmīga asociācija ar izteiktu lokālu iekaisumu un zemāku pT (p = 0,002), pN0 (p< 0,001), kā arī retākām lokālo struktūru invāzijām (p< 0,05). EMT (CD44, -katenīna, N-kadherīna un E-kadherīna), kā arī DNS labotājgēnu raksturojošo marķieru (MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 un MLH1) IHĶ ekspresija statistiski nozīmīgi neatšķīrās audzējos ar dažādas intensitātes peritumorozu iekaisumu un Krona slimībai līdzīgo limfocitāro reakciju. Tomēr, analizējot iekaisuma šūnu subpopulācijas, tika atrasta statistiski nozīmīga atšķirība E-kadherīna izteiktākā ekspresijā pie palielināta eozinofilo leikocītu daudzuma (p = 0,007). Zemāka N-kadherīna ekspresija bija raksturīga multifokāliem KRV gadījumiem. DNS labotājgēnu ekspresija statistiski ticami atšķīrās audzējos ar izmaiņām E-kadherīna un CD44 ekspresijā (p< 0,05). MLH1 proteīna zemāka ekspresija statistiski ticami saistījās ar zemāku neitrofilo leikocītu klātbūtni KRV (p = 0,02). Secinājumi. Audzējiem ar izteiktu peritumorozo iekaisumu ir raksturīga mazāka izplatība un lokālo struktūru invāzija. Krona slimībai līdzīgā limfocitārā reakcija neietekmē audzēja izplatību (pTN), tas netieši norāda uz šīs reakcijas neatkarīgu lomu kanceroģenēzē. Iekaisums, noteikts pēc Klintrupa–Makinena skalas (Klintrup-Makinen score), un Krona slimībai līdzīgā limfoīdā reakcija nav atkarīgi no EMT un cilmes šūnu diferenciācijas KRV. DNS labotājgēnu (MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 un MLH1) samazināta ekspresija KRV ir norāde par EMT procesu, kas potenciāli var ietekmēt terapijas izvēli KRV. MLH1 ekspresija KRV ietekmē neitrofilo leikocītu daudzumu peritumorozā iekaisumā, netieši norādot potenciālo DNS labotājgēnu nozīmi audzēja imunitātē. Šajā pētījumā raksturota iekaisuma, KRV morfoloģijas, EMT un DNS labotājgēnu mijiedarbība
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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