1,721,043 research outputs found
Mixed marrige - a passing point of the community "frontier” (second haft of the 19th century - beginning of the 20th)
Get PDFMixed marriage is one of the factors providing the link between interethnic and interreligious communities. Ethnic and confessional diversity of the population imposes a communication, an interference of different ethno-confessional communities. As these communities were living together, it was natural that this “cooperation” should be visible in the case of marriage. Given the context, mixed marriages acquired an innate multiculturalism due to the need for living together. The “social barriers” completed the ethnic and confessional differences. The State becoming more and more powerful in time imposed itself and promoted a new perception of mixed marriage through a lay legislation. On the other hand, in the mixed Greek-Catholic and Roman-Catholic communities, inter-confessional marriages were more easily accepted officially as both confessions were under the same hierarchic authority, the Pope. It is important to get a glimpse of the ethnic structures and their dynamics, as well as of the confessional realities to have a clear image in the analysis of interethnic or inter-confessional marriages. Marriage may be one of the social mechanisms to change the demographic volume of certain communities not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively, and to alter traditional spiritual values
Legal Regulations regarding Family in the Austrian and Hungarian Legislation in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Get PDFMore often than not, the State did not acknowledge the matrimonial norms as settled by the Church. This relation seems to have altered towards the end of the 19th century, when the State succeeded in imposing on the Church the respect for the general civil framework. Yet, the change was not radical. The Church and the State were still pretty connected. The State acknowledged the Church’s right to be in charge with officiating marriages, with bed and home separation according to the requirements of each confession. However, the State had the right to supervise the civil and military status, the relationship between the spouses, legacy, legal guardianship, the issue of supporting children and spouses and many others. The Church admitted the involvement of the State in major demographic issues in an individual’s life.
As time went by, the State became more and more complex while its legislation became ever more “lay”. It is true that willy-nilly lay legislation borrowed norms and regulations belonging to Church’s legislation. The frail State – Church dualism on family law was influenced by lay laws enforcing the lay legitimacy of important moments in man’s life. Matrimonial laws as set out in 1894 were the most complex laws in the 19th century. Due to their clarity, they managed to put an end to misunderstandings between lay and Church authorities. Moreover, the matrimonial issues between different confessions were in favour of the State. Civil law very clearly favoured family and children’s interests. They were all conceived to better supervise individual’s education in a moral family where the Church would still have an influence
Cross-border cooperation between universities at external European Union borders and its contribution to European neighbourhood policy
Get PDFThe European continent, under the urge of the events generated by the process of building Europe that has led to an enlargement of the external European Union borders towards the east, undergoes a process of alteration. No matter on which side of the EU border they may be, the citizens of the European countries are entitled to enjoy the fruit of welfare, security and freedom. The development of a coherent neighbourhood policy in Brussels becomes an imperative resulting from the need for communication and cooperation amongst people and countries.
No matter the view on the European Union external border, the dialogue on all levels of the society through the means of inter-university cooperation is a factor providing the communication needed for good neighbourhood. Thus, the stiff borders fade away. By setting up a university network comprising both partners from within and outside the European Union, a bond is established over the external border of the community. From this point of view, inter-university cooperation at the external borders of the European community turns into a promoter of good neighbourhood values
European Cultural Borders: between the Identity of the European Space and the Community Policies
Get PDFThe image of the European culture is given by the association of the concepts people – culture – history – territory, which provides certain local features. From this relation, we identify a cultural area with local, regional and national features beyond a certain European culture. Thus, we identify at least two cultural identity constructions on the European level: a culture of cultures, that is a cultural area with a particular, local, regional and national strong identity, or a cultural archipelago, that is a common yet disrupted cultural area. Whatever the perspective, the existence of a European cultural area cannot be denied, although one may speak of diversity or of “disrupted continuity”.
The paper is a survey on the European cultural space in two aspects: 1. Europe with internal cultural border areas; 2. Europe as external cultural-identity border area. From a methodological point of view, we have to point out that despite the two-levelled approach the two conceptual constructions do not exclude each other: the concept of “culture of cultures” designs both a particular and a general identity area. The specific of the European culture is provided precisely by diversity and multiculturalism as means of expression on local, regional, or national levels. Consequently, the European cultural area is an area with a strong identity on both particular and general levels
Ethnicity and politics in the Romanian space: the case of northwestern Transylvania
Get PDFThe ethnic structure of this region has been heavily influenced by the evolution of the various historico-geographical factors and policies. Most of this structure, however, is linked to the evolution of the denominational structure. Ethnicity in this case is closely related to religion. The political reality, the events with political overtones that occurred during these centurieshad a direct influence regarding the conduct of processes and phenomena related to the ethno-confessional evolution of the area subject to our research. In this period the region is part of the Austrian state (before 1867), Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 to 1918), Hungary (1940-1944) and Romania (1918-1940, 1944 - present). This space is located in the western area and it is mainly inhabited by Romanians. The continuous presence of Romanians here is documented ever since its formation. The ethnic group of Romanians has been facing a considerable demographic pressure that came from the Hungarians (the neighbouring ethnic group) or from groups or immigrants settled in this space (we refer in this case mainly to the Germans, Slovaks, Gypsies and Jews).
Major geopolitical changes of the twentieth century and political decisions, especially extremist dictatorial regimes (Horthyst-Hungarian and communist-Romanian) led to significant changes in the ethnic structure of the region northwest Transylvania. Policy decisions, especially those taken during the dictatorial political and extremist regimes during the twentieth centurywere able to seriously affect ethno-religious realities of the Romanian space, especially in Transylvania. Be it the Hungarian or Romanian authorities during the two world wars or the communist dictatorship, decisions were taken that changed the ethnic map of the Romanian space. Suffice it to recall the drama of the Jewish community of the Second World War or the „sale” of the Germans and the Jews by the Communists in the postwar period
A Social History of Romanian Space: From the Beginning of Dacian state until the rise of Modernity
Get PDFA Social History of Romanian Space. From the Beginning of Dacian state until the rise of Modernity presents on a wide scale in time and space the history of Romanian states from their ancestors, from Antiquity, continuing with the Medieval Romanian Life and State and ending with social realities in early modern times, centuries XVIIth and XVIIIth. After an introductoty study- Social history – object and historiographical orrientations which emphasizes the social dimension of historical studies, the book refers to Population and social arhitecture in Dacia before and after the setting of Roman Empire furnishing data about the Dacian population, ethno-linguistical structure of people and language, vestimentation, dayly life, social classes, the native population and the collonists, the Roman Law in Roman Dacia and the Political Life of Roman Dacia, territorial organization, etc. Then it follows a chapter about Social tendences in the space of Dobrogea (II-VI century) and a chapter about post Roman Dacia with the spread of Christianity and the contact with migratory peoples. Then the book presents Medieval Romanian Society with a focus on demographic realities, cohabiting nationalities, with institutional organization of medieval Romanian States, with organization of medieval world, social structures and dayly life. Last but not least, the author of the present book talks about social relations in Romanian Countries in Early Modern times (XVII-XVIII centuries), with a focus on demography, social structures, reform and modernization and a few considerations regarding social life in XVIIIth century
O istorie socială a spaţiului românesc. De la începuturile statalităţii dacice până la întrezărirea modernităţii
Get PDFA Social History of Romanian Space. From the Beginning of Dacian state until the rise of Modernity presents on a wide scale in time and space the history of Romanian states from their ancestors, from Antiquity, continuing with the Medieval Romanian Life and State and ending with social realities in early modern times, centuries XVIIth and XVIIIth. After an introductoty study- Social history – object and historiographical orrientations which emphasizes the social dimension of historical studies, the book refers to Population and social arhitecture in Dacia before and after the setting of Roman Empire furnishing data about the Dacian population, ethno-linguistical structure of people and language, vestimentation, dayly life, social classes, the native population and the collonists, the Roman Law in Roman Dacia and the Political Life of Roman Dacia, territorial organization, etc. Then it follows a chapter about Social tendences in the space of Dobrogea (II-VI century) and a chapter about post Roman Dacia with the spread of Christianity and the contact with migratory peoples. Then the book presents Medieval Romanian Society with a focus on demographic realities, cohabiting nationalities, with institutional organization of medieval Romanian States, with organization of medieval world, social structures and dayly life. Last but not least, the author of the present book talks about social relations in Romanian Countries in Early Modern times (XVII-XVIII centuries), with a focus on demography, social structures, reform and modernization and a few considerations regarding social life in XVIIIth century
The image of Israel in the published documents regarding the bilateral politics of Romania-Israel during the years 1948-1969
Get PDFThis paper deals with the problem of the emigration of the Romanian Jews in Israel as revealed by a few historical writings and in published documents. The Romanian Jews' emigration in Israel was a continuous process in spite of the communist regime established in Romania after the war and it was one of the main priorities of Romanian-Israeli diplomatic relations. The research focused on the years 1948-1969. The relationship between Romania and Israel evolved in time, manifesting interest in economic life, cultural life, human rights field, migration, religion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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