1,720,964 research outputs found
Modeling the Great Depression : three essays on the French and U.S. experiences
No full textL'objet de cette thèse est de mobiliser et de développer des modèles d'équilibre général dynamique et stochastique pour une meilleure compréhension de la Grande Dépression aux États-Unis et plus particulièrement en France. Elle comprend trois essais. Dans le premier est appliquée la méthode de la comptabilité des cycles des affaires pour identifier les principales frictions à l'origine de la Grande Dépression française. Ces frictions sont alors comparées à celles mises en avant pour la Grande Dépression américaine. Le deuxième essai propose une explication de la chute de la productivité totale des facteurs aux États-Unis et en France durant la Grande Dépression basée sur le capital organisationnel accumulé dans les entreprises par l'apprentissage par la pratique. Le troisième essai présente un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique et stochastique qui intègre les règles de l'étalon-or. La capacité de ce modèle à rendre compte des principales évolutions macroéconomiques et monétaires en France durant les années 1930 est alors évaluée.This thesis uses and develops dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models for a better understanding of the Great Depression in U.S. and particularly in France. It is composed of three essays. In the first essay, the business cycle accounting method is used to identify the main frictions that account for the French Great Depression. Those frictions are then compared to the ones that are emphasized for explaining the U.S. Great Depression. The second essay provides an explanation of the total factor productivity collapse in the U.S. and in France during the Great Depression, based on the organizational capital that is accumulated by farms through a learning-by-doing mechanism. The third essay proposes a DSGE model which emphasizes the functioning of the gold standard. The ability of this model to replicate the French macroeconomic and monetary fluctuations during the 1930s is then assessed
The French Great Depression: a business cycle accounting analysis
Get PDFUsing the business cycle accounting framework [Chari V., P. Kehoe and E. McGrattan 2007. Business Cycle Accounting. Econometrica 75, 781-836.], this paper sheds new light on the French Great Depression. Frictions that reduce the efficiency with which factor inputs are used (efficiency wedge) were the primary factor in the economic downturn. The decline in consumption can be attributed to distortions in the Euler equation (investment wedge). In addition, frictions creating a gap between the marginal rate of substitution and the marginal product of labor (labor wedge) contributed to the slowdown of the economy after 1936. This drop in the efficiency wedge might have resulted from financial frictions and tariff policies, whereas the investment wedge might have been caused by financial frictions due to agency costs. A potential explanation for the decline of the labor wedge after 1936 is institutionals changes in the labor market
Labour market and fiscal policy
Get PDFThis paper discusses fiscal policy using a DSGE model with search and matching in the labour market. Fiscal policy is effective mainly via its impact through the labour market. Although public intervention tends to crowd out private consumption, public spending also improves the matching between unemployed workers and job vacancies. The mechanism modelled in this paper shares similarity with Baxter & King (1993) and Leeper et al. (2010). The model produces positive fiscal multipliers on impact and in the short term and consistently reproduces the reaction to a spending shock of the main labour market variables such as wages, employment or labour market tightness. These results are similar with that of Monacelli et al. (2010) except that the transmission channel does not depend on the downward adjustment of the reservation wage of workers. The size of the fiscal multiplier increases with the elasticity of matching to spending and is also negatively related with the steady state spending to GDP ratio in the presence of diminishing marginal returns on spending. For large value of the multiplier, there is a crowding in of consumption and investment. Lastly, this model produces output multipliers larger than 1 in the presence of nominal price rigidities
Older immigrants living in Switzerland and ambivalence related to return around the retirement period
No full textThe aim of this article is to explore the links between former guest workers’ attitudes toward return, as they approach retirement age, and ambivalence. More specifically, we seek answers to the following two questions: Do older immigrants modify their intentions toward return around the retirement period? If the answer is positive, we then ask: To which factors are these changes related when looking at intentions to return both before and after retirement? These questions have seldom been analyzed in the sociological literature, and their relation to ambivalence has not yet really been explored. After considering the state of the art, both from a sociology of migration perspective and through a life-course approach, we analyze empirically how older immigrants deal with the question of return. Our data come from a representative survey of approximately 300 older immigrants from Southern Europe (Italy, Portugal, and Spain), aged between 65 and 79 and living in urban Switzerland. Our findings show that (1) while a significant proportion of Italian and Spanish older migrants give up the idea of returning definitively to their country of origin and decide to establish their main residence in Switzerland, among the Portuguese, a significant minority wanted to return before retirement and are still planning to return, expecting to recover full citizenship in their “home” country; (2) changes with respect to return intentions mainly concern former blue-collar workers and white-collar employees; and (3) older immigrants who do not see migration as a positive decision demonstrate more ambivalence about return
Une comparaison des conditions de logement des personnes âgées d'origine suisse et celles issues de l’immigration
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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