10,373 research outputs found
On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000
No full textIn this paper we present evidence that the observed increase in tropical upwelling after the year 2000 may be attributed to a change in the Brewer-Dobson circulation pattern. For this purpose, we use the concept of transit times derived from residual circulation trajectories and different in-situ measurements of ozone and nitrous dioxide. Observations from the Canadian midlatitude ozone profile record, probability density functions of in-situ N2O observations and a shift of the N2O-O3 correlation slopes, taken together, indicate that the increased upwelling in the tropics after the year 2000 appears to have triggered an intensification of tracer transport from the tropics into the extratropics in the lower stratosphere below about 500 K. This finding is corroborated by the fact that transit times along the shallow branch of the residual circulation into the LMS have decreased for the same time period (1993–2003). On a longer time scale (1979–2009), the transit time of the shallow residual circulation branch show a steady decrease of about −1 month/decade over the last 30 years, while the transit times of the deep branch remain unchanged. This highlights the fact that a change in the upwelling across the tropical tropopause is not a direct indicator for changes of the whole Brewer-Dobson circulation
The metric tun : standardisation, quantification and industrialisation in the British brewing industry, 1760-1830
No full textThis thesis considers the British beer-brewing industry around 1800 as a case study exploring current themes in the history of science and technology: the imposition of
reliable standards, the use of instruments and quantities, and the nature of industrial growth. I begin by addressing Michael Combrune, author of the first thermometric
brewing account, showing the influence of Boerhaavian fermentation theory and the eighteenth-century agenda for "commercial chemistry" on his work: Combrune's
fellow brewers, however, did not generally rely on the chemical scheme of management he had established, developing instead highly localised thermometric
operations which did not challenge established understandings. Next, I consider the determination of beer strength, focusing here on the brewer John Richardson's
innovation of the saccharometer, a gravimetric philosophical instrument. I show how Richardson presented both the device and the quantity in which it was scaled, later termed the `brewer's pound, ' as offering brewery-specific advantages, in order to ensure its acceptance whilst at the same time denying its roots in the disputatious field of spirits hydrometry. Richardson did not achieve his wider goal of monopolist control over the device, but his project of saccharometric determination was widely taken up, contributing to a significant change in the composition of beer, as brewers moved from using traditional brown- malts to the saccharometrically preferable pales. This development is then reviewed in the context of an analysis of the identity of London porter, the staple brown beer of London: I investigate the relationship of porter's identity to the uniquely vast and industrialised plants which produced it. Finally, I highlight the ambiguous nature of appeals to `science' or `chemistry' before 1830 by discussing the widespread contemporary panic over adulteration, popularly assumed to
be practised by those who associated with chemists and did not pursue a `traditional' approach to brewing. This controversy was settled, I contend, only with the later
development of a common laboratory-analytical context between brewers, pharmacists and public analysts who were able to redefine the concept of adulteration itself
International Energy Technology Transfersfor Climate Change Mitigation - What, who, how, why, when, where, how much … and the Implications for International Institutional Architecture
No full textThe goal of the paper is to expand and refine the international technology transfer negotiating and analytic agendas and to reframe the issues. The paper presents concepts, indicators, illustrations and data that identify and measure international transfers of energy technologies that can be used to mitigate climate change. Among the questions on that agenda are how much technology transfer there has been to date, and how much will be needed in the future, especially to assist non-Annex I developing countries in their efforts to mitigate climate change. Before the how much questions can be answered, however, there are several prior questions, and hence the many other elements of the subtitle of the paper: what, who, how, why, when, where. These aspects of international technology transfer vary significantly among three existing institutional settings and among the associated analytic paradigms: North-South Official Development Assistance, Global Private International Investment and Trade, and International Public-Private Cooperation Agreements. The principal sections of the paper focus on features of international technology transfers in these institutional settings and on illustrations drawn from the biodiesel industry, especially the use of jatropha tree as the source of the feedstock. The conclusions are summarized as follows: (i) Technologies include intangible know-how and services, as well as tangible goods in the form of production process equipment and finished products. (ii) International transfers of some types of technology are much easier to measure than others. (iii) International technology transfers are highly industry-specific. (iv) Even for individual industries, it is necessary to use multiple indicators of technology transfers. (v) Patterns in the types of technology and methods of transfer vary across the three institutional settings examined in the paper. (vi) All three of the institutional arrangements are probably under-performing and inadequa
Foreign direct investment in developing countries : patterns, policies, and prospects
No full textThis study provides a summary of patterns, policies, and prospects concerning the foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. The focus of the study is on host country policies, but the policies of home governments and international institutions are also analyzed. The emphasis of the study is on the factors that affect the patterns and trends of FDI in developing countries. Implicit to the study is the theme that FDI can make significant contributions to the long-term development process and that policy reforms that contribute to greater FDI are consequently desirable. The analysis of FDI presented here is based in substantial part on the findings of 11 country studies. The author found that the public policy environment for FDI has improved in recent years. There is more appreciation of FDI's contributions (such as transfer of technology and managerial skills, export market development, stimulation of local entrepreneurship, competition and innovation) and greater appreciation of the role of the private sector and private investment in development. The study concludes with a projection of the prospects for FDI flows to developing countries.Foreign Direct Investment,Poverty Assessment,Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
"Thank me therefore": Social Prestige, Probity and Self-determination of Nymue's character in Malory's "Le Morte Darthur"
No full textWhere is the transatlantic divide in public opinion on climate change issues? Evidence for 1989-2002. CEPS Policy Brief No. 35, July 2003
No full textThis paper is based on an analysis of the results of more than 40 public opinion surveys taken during the period from 1989 through 2002; special attention is given to surveys taken during 2000-02. The analysis concludes that approximately two-fifths of the public are seriously concerned about global warming. Another two-fifths are moderately concerned; shifts in the opinions of this moderately concerned group would likely alter the future course of government policies. The other one-fifth of the public does not consider global warming much of a problem, does not worry about it very much or not at all, and does not believe that carbon dioxide emissions are a cause of it. A substantial majority of the US public wants the government to do something about the problem of global warming, and they would like the US to participate in the Kyoto Protocol. Most respondents prefer mandatory rather than voluntary emission reductions by industry. A majority of the public supports US economic assistance to fund mitigation projects in developing countries. Gaps between the US public and US leaders are evident, with the public exhibiting more concern and more support for new policies. The level of US public concern is nearly as high as it is among European publics, where there is also opposition to current US policy
Data supporting Thomas & Ratterman 2020 "Ozone depletion-induced climate change following a 50 pc supernova?"
No full textThis data supports publication Thomas & Ratterman 2020 "Ozone depletion-induced climate change following a 50 pc supernova?"
The paper can be found as a pre-print: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15079
Journal reference: "Ozone depletion-induced climate change following a 50 pc supernova", Brian C. Thomas and Cody L. Ratterman, Phys. Rev. Research 2, 043076 – Published 14 October 2020, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043076 (https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043076)
Data included here are selected (post-processed) output from the PlaSim climate model, in netCDF format. Full raw data may be obtained upon request of the first author (Brian Thomas [email protected])
O contrato social de Thomas Hobbes: alcances e limites
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FilosofiaO problema em questão diz respeito ao contrato que funda e legitima o Estado em Thomas Hobbes. Tendo como escopo questionar a possibilidade e/ou impossibilidade de nulidade do contrato social e assim verificar as implicações disto para o conceito de soberania hobbesiana. A leitura que impera na tradição de estudiosos da obra política de Hobbes, em especial do Leviathan, é a de um Estado no qual a soberania é absoluta e irrevogável. A interpretação do contrato firmado entre e, somente, entre os homens, deixando, portanto, o soberano de fora, ofereceria legitimidade a este para agir de forma absoluta e obrigaria ao súdito a obedecer de forma irrestrita. A hipótese que se busca sustentar remete à possibilidade de rompimento, desobediência e mais centralmente da nulidade contratual a partir do vício e/ou desrespeito de determinadas cláusulas fundamentais do contrato, visto se oporem às condições de validade do contrato social. Se isso puder ser sustentado desse modo, isto é, se Hobbes compartilhar mesmo de uma teoria forte da nulidade contratual e pela razão, como declinado acima, que achamos ser a correta, então, tal formulação implicaria em sua teoria uma reconsideração do conceito de soberania e obediência, haja vista o estabelecimento de certos vínculos fortes que condicionam as possibilidades de exigência, autoridade e poder da soberania. Portanto, concentra-se em encontrar uma explicação e/ou teorização da nulidade do contrato social e da sua consequência para a teoria da soberania e obediência hobbesiana
Deterministic network optimization : a bibliography
No full text"7-102-77." Includes author index. Cover title.Supported in part by the U.S. Deaprtment of Transportation, Transportation Advanced Research Program (TARP) contract no. DOT-TSC-1058by Bruce L. Golden and Thomas L. Magnanti
University of Texas at Arlington (U. T. A.) President Spaniolo with New York Times columnist and best selling author Thomas L. Friedman
No full textUniversity of Texas at Arlington (U. T. A.) President Spaniolo with New York Times columnist and best selling author Thomas L. Friedman, 09/11/2008https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_spaniolomaterials/1036/thumbnail.jp
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