1,354,502 research outputs found
Rock mass geomechanical properties to improve rockfall susceptibility assessment : A case study in Valchiavenna (SO)
No full textThe overarching goal of the study is to develop a rockfall susceptibility map for Valchiavenna (SO), located in the Italian Central Alps. The approach was two-fold: the first part of the work consisted of developing geomechanical maps, which are relevant to rock mass instability, whilst the second part was aimed to the implementation of the obtained geomechanical maps as predictors in a statistically based rockfall susceptibility model. The chosen target variables, collected in an available geomechanical field surveys database, were Joint Volumetric Count (Jv), the equivalent hydraulic conductivity (Keq), and weathering index (Wi). The available dataset was updated with several new geomechanical surveys, whose locations were chosen through the application of the Spatial Simulated Annealing algorithm. Based on this updated and homogenised dataset, the target properties were regionalized using different deterministic, geostatistical and regression techniques, comparing performance and error metrics resulting from a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Regionalization results of the target variables showed different reliability degrees. To improve the hydrogeological processes understanding on another spatial scale, an infiltration density map was prepared, based on field-mapped elements prone to infiltration-Rockfall susceptibility modelling was performed using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), along with the more commonly used topographic predictors. Model performance is assessed using both non-spatial and spatial k-fold cross-validations to estimate the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Predictor smoothing functions and deviance explained were analysed in order to assess the influence of the geomechanical predictors on the model. The geological-geomorphological plausibility of the susceptibility map including geomechanical predictors was assessed by a comparison with the only topography-based susceptibility map. Model results showed reliable rockfall discrimination capabilities (mean AUROC>0.7). Rockfall data for model training and testing were extracted from the IFFI (Inventario dei Fenomeni Franosi in Italia) inventory and updated with additional field-mapped rockfalls. A potential inventory bias in the IFFI inventory was observed by comparing performance and predictors behaviour of models built with and without the additional rockfalls
Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon: Combining machine learning with residual kriging in an agricultural lowland area (Lombardy region, Italy)
No full textAssessing the utility of regionalized rock-mass geomechanical properties in rockfall susceptibility modelling in an alpine environment
No full textThe main goal of this study was to develop a reliable rockfall susceptibility map for Valchiavenna (275 km(2)), located in the Italian Central Alps, through the introduction of outcrop-scale geomechanical properties (Joint Volumetric Count-Jv, rock mass Weathering Index-Wi and Equivalent Permeability-Keq) as spatially distributed predictors. Specific objectives were: (i) to increase the representativeness over the study area of an existing geomechanical dataset by adding new surveys, (ii) to effectively regionalize the geomechanical properties and (iii) to evaluate the performance and the physical plausibility of a rockfall susceptibility model combining geomechanical, topographical, geomorphological, and geological predictors. We optimized new survey locations by means of Spatial Simulated Annealing (SSA) and Multivariate Envi-ronmental Similarity Surface (MESS). For the regionalization of predictors we tested several interpolation techniques and evaluated them through performance indices and leave-one-out-validation. We performed the susceptibility analysis using rockfall data from the official Italian inventory, later updated with several field -mapped rockfalls, and different combinations of predictors. We applied Generalized Additive Models, which we evaluated through spatial k-fold cross-validation in terms of model performance (AUROC) and physical plausibility. Also, we investigated the importance of the predictors in the model through penalization and the calculation of the mean decrease of deviance explained (mDD%) upon recursive removal of each predictor. Through SSA we added 25 survey locations that reduced the study area with negative MESS from 26.2 % to 15.9 %. We calculated he geomechanical predictor maps applying ordinary kriging to Jv (NRMSE = 13.7 %) and Wi (NRMSE = 14.5 %) and using Thin Plate Splines for Keq (NRMSE = 18.5 %). The model containing the geomechanical predictors resulted in acceptable rockfall discrimination capabilities (mean AUROC > 0.7), with high-susceptibility areas located in plausible geomorphological contexts, charac-terized by currently active deformations (verified by means of inSAR data), which were not revealed by the topographic predictors alone. Regarding importance, Jv showed an mDD% of 7.5 % comparable to those of secondary topographic predictors (e.g., profile curvature, northness), while Wi and Keq were penalized out of the model. Models built with the non-updated inventory resulted in physically implausible susceptibility maps and predictor behavior (unreasonable smoothing functions), highlighting a model bias
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
OC2018 A-096 - Olje på vann 2018: Analyse av residue, sot og røykgasser fra in situ brenning.
No full textUnder årets Olje-på-vann øvelse (OPV) ble det planlagte programmet for in situ brenning redusert fra 6 til to forsøk på grunn av for mye vind. De to brenneforsøkene ble gjennomført den 13.juni, 2018, på Frigg-feltet i Nordsjøen, med hhv Oseberg 200 °c+ og ULSFO. SINTEF, i samarbeid med Maritime Robotics og Universitetet i Bergen, gjennomførte en omfattende monitorering under forsøkene som inkluderte karakterisering brenne-residuene, og av røykgasser og sotpartikler fra droner og pä sjøoverflaten. Univ. i Bergen målte potensialet for yrkeshygenisk eksponering av personell, men disse resultatene rapporteres ikke her. De initielle resultatene fra røykgassmålingene indikerer at det produseres lave konsentrasjoner av 502 (90%) av partikler mindre enn 2.5 µM (PM2.5). Brenneeffektiviteten ble forsøkt estimert på flere måter. Som en forel0pig antagelse kan man estimere en BE for Oseberg mellom 54 og 80% og en BE for ULSFO på mer enn 57%. Det er imidlertid stor usikkerhet i disse dataene pr. i dag. Black Carbon (BC) basert på mengde karbon og PM2.5 i r0yken ble estimert til 10% for Oseberg og 11% for ULSFO ut fra olje brent. SINTEF ønsker ä foreslå videre arbeid basert på de innsamlede data og selve ISB-residuene etter å ha diskutert de foreløbige resultatene med NOFO og Kystverket.publishedVersio
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