122,278 research outputs found
PO-2157 Automated MCO to assess dosimetric price-to-pay for control on loading pattern in cervical cancer BT
No full textCases of locally advanced cervical cancer treated from 2017 to 2019 using IS BT with a Syed Neblett template were selected (N= 6). Target, organ-at-risk (OAR), and clinical catheter delineations were retrieved from post-insertion imaging. CVT was used to simulate post-TAPP optimized catheters for each case. Treatment plans were then generated by a single expert for both the CVT and clinical catheter arrangements. Plan quality was evaluated via compliance with the clinically used EMBRACE-II dose-volume constraints. Measures of dose inhomogeneity (% V150 and% V200) were also recorded
Heatwaves during embryonic development reveal duration-dependent effects in zebrafish
No full textHeatwaves, defined as periods of unusually high temperatures are increasingly frequent due to climate change. It is well known that ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to heat stress, especially during sensitive life stages such as embryonic development. However, the consequences of short, ecologically relevant heat stress, remain less investigated. Here, we investigate the effects of short-term heat stress during embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this, 1753 embryos were exposed to simulated heatwaves of different durations (6, 24, or 48 h) and frequencies (one or two events) during development, with a temperature of 35 °C (+7 °C above the standard temperature of 28 °C). Their pre- and post-natal survival, hatching time, larval body size, and locomotor activity once hatched were evaluated. Additionally, the larval locomotor activity was assessed at control and heat-stress temperatures to determine if embryonic heat stress would result in larvae coping better with high temperatures. Our results showed that exposure to high temperatures (35 °C) increased pre-natal mortality, and further effects varied depending on the duration of the heatwave. Longer heatwaves (48 h) accelerated the rate of development but resulted in smaller larvae that swam more under heat stress, while short heatwaves (24 h and two repeated periods of 6 h) did not have any effect. Our results indicate that the embryonic stage is highly sensitive to even brief periods of heat stress, such as those experienced during a heatwave, and that the duration of exposure leads to different responses. These findings offer crucial insights into the extreme sensitivity of embryos to heatwaves and highlight wider consequences for individuals and populations, which are crucial for predicting how species will respond to ongoing climate change
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Carbon capture and storage: a case study of emerging risk issues in the iNTeg-Risk project
No full textThis paper describes the iNTeg-Risk Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) case study including: identification of example hazards in the CCS process including capture, transport, injection and storage; analysis using bow-tie techniques; modification of risk matrix approaches to include potential releases in the very long term from storage sites; use of life cycle analysis approaches; possible key performance indicators (KPIs); and knowledge gaps in terms of addressing emerging risk issues. One of the key features of the CCS case study is the need to include the time dimension in the risk assessment. The assessment needs to include both short-term potential accidents (from capture, transport or injection) as well as very long term risks from storage
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Development of an adhesive grasper for Minimally Invasive Surgery
No full textLaparoscopic graspers require a high pinch force to generate sufficient friction force (grip) for tissue manipulation. Excessive or insufficient pinch forces distributed along the small contact area of laparoscopic graspers can cause damage and are one of the reasons why the risk of intraoperative complications during Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) procedures in the abdomen is 2-4 % higher compared to open surgery. The goal of this research was to develop and evaluate an 5 mm laparoscopic grasper, which has the same functionality (generated friction force, grasping time) as a conventional grasper for use on the intestine but which requires lower pinch force due to the use of adhesives. To lower the pinch force the adhesive component of the friction force was enlarged by introducing a muco-adhesive between tissue and grasper. To lower (local) high pressures a flat surface was used. Two experiments were conducted to find out in which direction the friction force generated by the adhesive film was the largest and to find the minimum required area of adhesive film to generate a force of 5 N. Next, a design for the tip and a design for the adhesive film feed mechanism was made. To evaluate the design a prototype was created, which was used to investigate whether the proposed tip design was able to generate a friction force of 5 N using a pinch force lower than 3 N. The prototype of the adhesive grasper was able to generate a friction force of 3.12 ± 0.58 N, while using a pinch force of 2.5 N. The generated friction force did not meet the goal of 5 N, but the concept of lowering the pinch force by introducing an adhesive layer is promising; the pinch force needed by the proposed tip is lower compared to existing graspers and the friction force was independent of the generated pinch force. The friction force can be increased further by developing a new adhesive film or by increasing the contact area.BMDBioMechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Individualized Selection of Beam Angles and Treatment Isocenter in Tangential Breast Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
No full textPurpose and Objective Propose a novel method for individualized selection of beam angles and treatment isocenter in tangential breast intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods and Materials For each patient, beam and isocenter selection starts with the fully automatic generation of a large database of IMRT plans (up to 847 in this study); each of these plans belongs to a unique combination of isocenter position, lateral beam angle, and medial beam angle. The imposed hard planning constraint on patient maximum dose may result in plans with unacceptable target dose delivery. Such plans are excluded from further analyses. Owing to differences in beam setup, database plans differ in mean doses to organs at risk (OARs). These mean doses are used to construct 2-dimensional graphs, showing relationships between: (1) contralateral breast dose and ipsilateral lung dose; and (2) contralateral breast dose and heart dose (analyzed only for left-sided). The graphs can be used for selection of the isocenter and beam angles with the optimal, patient-specific tradeoffs between the mean OAR doses. For 30 previously treated patients (15 left-sided and 15 right-sided tumors), graphs were generated considering only the clinically applied isocenter with 121 tangential beam angle pairs. For 20 of the 30 patients, 6 alternative isocenters were also investigated. Results Computation time for automatic generation of 121 IMRT plans took on average 30 minutes. The generated graphs demonstrated large variations in tradeoffs between conflicting OAR objectives, depending on beam angles and patient anatomy. For patients with isocenter optimization, 847 IMRT plans were considered. Adding isocenter position optimization next to beam angle optimization had a small impact on the final plan quality. Conclusion A method is proposed for individualized selection of beam angles in tangential breast IMRT. This may be especially important for patients with cardiac risk factors or an enhanced risk for the development of contralateral breast cancer
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