1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Visualizing Protease Activation, Retrochmp3 Activity, and VPR Recruitment During HIV-1 Assembly
Get PDFThis thesis covers my contributions to the field of HIV-1 assembly and the field of science communication. Over the course of my studies, I have determined when the HIV-1 protease becomes active during the assembly of new virions, elucidated the mechanism by which the protein retroCHMP3 has an antiviral function, and examined the kinetics of recruitment of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr. I have also added significantly to science communication research through a study which evaluated the effectiveness of science summary methods. HIV-1 virions assemble at the plasma membrane of infected cells. The assembly of new viruses is driven by the HIV-1 Gag structural polyprotein and involves a number of viral and host proteins to produce infectious virions. Although many of these factors have been studied extensively, there are still steps during viral assembly that have yet to be fully characterized. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, I will discuss my study of the activation of the HIV-1 protease which is necessary for infectious particle production. Previous research has suggested that protease becomes active prior to scission of the particle from the cell, but there was no study which specifically measured protease activation and its cleavage of Gag during the assembly process. The timing of protease activation and Gag cleavage directly affects particle morphology and infectivity. Using polarization TIRF microscopy, I have directly measured protease activation and Gag cleavage. My results suggest that protease becomes active prior to recruitment of the host ESCRT proteins and scission from the cell. Chapter 3 of this thesis describes my work on the protein retroCHMP3, which was performed in collaboration with Sundquist lab at the University of Utah. The retroCHMP3 protein was originally found in squirrel monkeys and is a truncated and mutated version of the endogenous CHMP3 ESCRT protein. Data from the Sundquist lab shows that retroCHMP3 inhibits the budding of many ESCRT-dependent viruses, including HIV-1, while not preventing essential ESCRT-dependent cell functions such as cytokinesis. To determine the mechanism of retroCHMP3, I used TIRF imaging to show that retroCHMP3 alters ESCRT recruitment to sites of HIV-1 assembly. This altered recruitment suggests that a delay in scission occurs when retroCHMP3 is present in cells. My results also suggest that there is a loss of HIV-1 proteins back into the cell due to protease activation as assayed by loss of fluorescence. As a confirmation of these results, I show that this loss of fluorescence was rescued by genetic inactivation of the protease. We suspect that the retroCHMP3 alteration of ESCRT function affects viral budding more than cellular events like cytokinesis due to the need for viruses to assemble quickly to avoid cellular defense mechanisms and loss of viral proteins from protease activation. My final contribution to the HIV-1 field is a study of the recruitment kinetics of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr. My study of Vpr will also be presented in Chapter 3 of this thesis. Vpr is a protein which increases infectivity in infected animals and humans. It is packaged specifically into virions through interactions with the Gag protein. Through simultaneous TIRF imaging of Gag and Vpr, I was able to show that Vpr has a delayed accumulation compared to Gag, suggesting that Vpr is not bound to Gag before coming to the membrane. This work hints at possible interactions between Vpr and the host ESCRT proteins which have recruitment sites close to the Vpr recruitment site. Finally, Chapter 4 of this thesis will show my findings regarding the effectiveness of different science summaries. Science summaries like video abstracts, graphical abstracts, and plain language summaries all help with accessibility of research papers. To study the efficacy of each of those summaries, I created a survey which showed participants video abstracts, graphical abstracts, plain language summaries, and academic abstracts from two HIV-1 research papers. My findings suggested that video abstracts and plain language summaries are both effective ways to summarize scientific research while graphical abstracts and academic abstracts are not as effective. After presenting all of my work in Chapters 2-4, I will discuss the implications and immediate future directions of each contribution I have made. These discussions will be in Chapter 5 of this thesis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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