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Brief von Branko Horvat an Josef Steindl
No full textBRIEF VON BRANKO HORVAT AN JOSEF STEINDL
Brief von Branko Horvat an Josef Steindl ([1])
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Brief von Branko Horvat an Kurt Rothschild
No full textBRIEF VON BRANKO HORVAT AN KURT ROTHSCHILD
Brief von Branko Horvat an Kurt Rothschild ([1]
Do more unequal countries redistribute more? does the median voter hypothesis hold?
Get PDFThe median voter hypothesis is important to endogenous growth theories because it provides the political mechanisms through which voters in more unequal countries re-distribute a greater proportion of income and thus (it is argued), by blunting incentives, reduce the country's growth rate. But he hypothesis was never properly tested because of lack of data on the distribution of (pre-tax and transfer) factor income across households, and hence on the exact amount of gain by the poorest quintile of poorest half. The author tests the hypothesis using t9 observations drawn from household budget surveys from 24 democracies. The data strongly support the hypothesis that countries with more unequal distribution of factor income redistribute more in favor of the poor - even when the analysis controls for the older people's share in total population (that is, for pension transfers). The evidence on the median voter hypothesis is much weaker. The author does find that middle-income groups gain more (or lose less) through redistribution in countries whereinitial (factor) income distribution is more unequal. This regularity evaporates, however, when pensions are dropped from social transfers and the focus is strictly on the more re-distributive social transfers.Income,Services&Transfers to Poor,Economic Theory&Research,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Inequality,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Economic Theory&Research,Safety Nets and Transfers,Services&Transfers to Poor
The Ricardian Vice: Why Sala-i-Martin’s calculations of world income inequality are wrong
Get PDFThe paper discusses recent world income inequality calculations by Sala- i-Martin. It shows that the two main problems with which the author had to grapple (too few data to derive countries’ income distributions, and sparseness of such data in time) are not solved in a satisfactory fashion. They, and several other simplifying assumptions, make Sala-i- Martin results very dubious. We argue that Sala-i-Martin has ended up by producing a population-weighted inter-national distribution of income augmented by a constant shift parameter and not a distribution of income among world citizens.income inequality, world, globalization
Change in the perception of the poverty line during times of depression : Russia 1993-96
Get PDFDuring Russia's economic transition real income declined precipitously for most of the population. How were Russians'perceptions of the minimum income level needed to survive affected by such a rapid decline in their incomes? Based on data collected from repeated surveys of individuals during the period from March 1993 to September 1996, the authors find that the subjective estimate of that minimum income for an adult Russian decreased by about 1.7 percent each month. This sharp reduction in the subjective poverty line meant that proportionately fewer people felt poor. However at all times at least 60 percent of the population considered itself poor. In other words, the percentage of the"subjectively poor"tended to decline as the perception of the needed minimum was reduced. In this somewhat unusual situation, the percentage of the subjectively poor decreased more or less in step with a reduction in people's real income. Only larger-than-usual income decreases were needed to jolt the population - that is, to keep the percentage of the subjectively poor unchanged. The percentage of the self-addressed poor was always lower than the percentage of the poor according to the"social"subjective poverty line. This suggests that pockets of the population regarded their own income as adequate although in the public perception they were poor. This in turn suggests two mechanisms for adapting to worsening circumstances: 1) a reduction in what people perceive to be the minimum income needed for survival and 2) the existence in the population of pockets of people who demand even less than others.Environmental Economics&Policies,Services&Transfers to Poor,Economic Conditions and Volatility,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Poverty Monitoring&Analysis,Environmental Economics&Policies,Inequality,Services&Transfers to Poor,Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction
Le Gini hors de la bouteille. Entretien avec Branko Milanovic
No full textBranko Milanovic compte sans doute parmi les spécialistes des inégalités les plus importants sur la scène internationale. Économiste à la Banque mondiale, il se penche sur les questions des disparités depuis plusieurs décennies. Dans son livre paru cette année, {The Haves and the Have-Nots} (Les nantis et les indigents), il réussit le tour de force de rendre accessibles au plus grand nombre des idées complexes sur les inégalités entre les individus, entre les pays, et entre les citoyens du monde dans un style attrayant. Pour ce faire, l’auteur illustre ses propos au travers de petites histoires (des « vignettes ») audacieuses et d’une incroyable originalité, dans lesquelles il répond à des questions fascinantes : les Romains prospères étaient-ils comparativement plus riches que les super riches d’aujourd’hui ? Dans quel arrondissement de Paris valait-il mieux vivre au 13e siècle, et qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Sur l’échelle de la redistribution du revenu au Kenya, où se situait le grand-père de Barack Obama ? Est-ce que le lieu de naissance influence le salaire que vous aurez au long d’une vie, et si oui, comment ? Qu’a gagné Anna Karénine à tomber amoureuse ? La Chine survivra-t-elle au mitan du siècle ? Qui a été la personne la plus riche au monde ? Reprenant également les travaux de Vilfredo Pareto, Karl Marx, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Rawls ou Simon Kuznets à une époque où la question des inégalités préoccupe de plus en plus, son ouvrage fait le pari d’éclairer un enjeu aussi ancien que passionnant. Branko Milanovic a accepté de répondre aux questions de Sens Public.Branko Milanovic is one of the leading world specialists on inequality. An economist at the World Bank, he’s been dealing with issues related to income distribution for decades. In a book published this year, {The Haves and the Have-Nots}, he manages to make complex ideas about inequalities within individuals, nations and globally accessible to a wide audience. In it, his essays on these topics are illustrated by audacious and very original « vignettes » in which he answers fascinating and diverse questions such as: Were affluent Romans comparatively richer than today’s super riches? Does the place where you are born influence the revenue you will generate over a lifetime? What did Anna Karenina get for falling in love? Will China survive by the mid-century? Who has the richest person in the world been? Feeding his reflections with the findings of Vilfredo Pareto, Karl Marx, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Rawls or Simon Kuznets at a time when the issue of inequality has become so important, his book enlightens us on a topic that is both ancient and captivating. Branko Milanovic has answered Sens Public’s questions
Global inequality recalculated : the effect of new 2005 PPP estimates on global inequality
Get PDFThe results of new direct price level comparisons across 148 countries in 2005 have led to large revisions of purchasing power parity exchanges rates, particularly for China and India. The recalculation of international and global inequalities, using the new purchasing power parity rates, shows that inequalities are substantially higher than previously thought. Inequality between global citizens is estimated at 70 Gini points rather than 65 as before. The richest decile receives 57 percent of global income rather than 50 percent.Inequality,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Emerging Markets,Equity and Development,Economic Theory&Research
Global income inequality : what it is and why it matters
Get PDFThe paper presents a nontechnical summary of the current state of debate on the measurement and implications of global inequality (inequality between citizens of the world). It discusses the relationship between globalization and global inequality. And it shows why global inequality matters and proposes a scheme for global redistribution.
Branko Goropevšek (1966.-2012.)
Get PDFBranko Goropevšek (1966.-2012.)
Potkraj 2012. godine iznenada nas je, u svojoj 46. godini, napustio Branko Goropevšek, direktor Središnje knjižnice u Celju (Osrednja knjižnica Celje), bibliotekar, povjesničar i geograf, član slovenskog dijela Organizacijskog odbora Kulturnopovijesnog impozija „Mogersdorf“
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