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Full text linkA capstone submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education at Morehead State University by Brandon M. Isaac on April 4, 2022
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Clinical pearls and pitfalls of SARS-CoV-2 serology
No full textAll laboratory tests – thus including SARS-CoV-2 serology – must be thoughtfully used considering their costs, as well as their advantages and limitations, in order to ensure that precious human and economic resources are not wasted and that the clinical decision making will be not be biased by inappropriate usage or interpretation of diagnostic tests. SARS-CoV-2 serology cannot be used as a standalone test for diagnosing acute infections in symptomatic individuals, nor for purposes of contact tracing, whilst it can only complement other technologies for detecting viral RNA or viral antigens when these tests are repeatedly negative in highly suspected cases. Nonetheless, additional and perhaps more clinically relevant options have emerged for SARS-CoV-2 serology, i.e., complementing direct SARS-CoV-2 RNA and/or antigen testing, risk assessment of infection and clinical progression, serology-guided COVID-19 vaccination, convalescent plasma assessment and serosurveillance. Granted that – when appropriately used – SARS-CoV-2 serology provides important biological and clinical information (as summarized in Table 1), its clinical use is plagued by a number of drawbacks and pitfalls, which must be acknowledged to prevent misleading clinical interpretations, as discussed in this article
Understanding the biological success of SARS-CoV-2: Immunoevasion strategies and beyond
No full textWhile the precise identification of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is still engaging the minds of many scientists worldwide, the accurate recognition of the underlying bases of its considerable biological success compared to previous (and even very similar, like SARS-CoV-(1) and MERS-CoV) pathogens is essential for enhancing our vigilance and preparedness against future viral pandemics (e.g., guiding investment, research and development of preventative measures, diagnostic tests, vaccines and therapies), as also recently endorsed by the WHO. Although this article is not meant to be inclusive of all pathogenetic mechanisms specifically adopted by SARS-CoV-2, we have attempted to summarize a series of leading characteristics, such as its capability to drive asymptomatic and/or pre-symptomatic transmissions, the unprecedented R0, the high burden of immune escape mutations, the suppression of MHC-I, the interference with Type I Interferon pathway, along with the capability to suppress NK cell function. Dissecting all these mechanisms at the molecular and biochemical level would certainly enable us to be more prepared for the next pandemic, saving thousands (or even millions) of human lives through timely and specific development of novel targeted therapeutics
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The landscape of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic mutations
No full textBackground: This article is aimed to provide an updated landscape of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic mutations emerged since its first identification and sequencing. Methods: We downloaded and analyzed all mutations within the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome submitted up to February 8, 2022 to the website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), which contains all variants in Sequence Read Archive (SRA) records compared to the prototype SARS-CoV-2 reference sequence NC_045512.2. Results: Our search identified 26,005 different mutations. The largest number of mutations was located within the gene encoding for the Nsp3 protein (20.7%), followed by the gene encoding for the spike protein (14.6%). Overall, 17,948/26,005 (69.0%) of these mutations interested single nucleotide positions, thus spanning over ~62% of the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome. Of all mutations, 61.5% were non-synonymous, whilst 17.4% of those in the gene encoding for the spike protein involved the sequence of the receptor binding domain, 59.2% of which were non-synonymous. When the number of mutations was expressed as ratio to the gene size, the highest ratio was found in the sequence encoding for ORF7a (ratio, 2.25), followed by ORF7b (ratio, 1.85), ORF8 (ratio, 1.60) and ORF3a (ratio, 1.48). The gene encoding for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase accounted for only 0.1% of all mutations, with considerably low ratio with the gene size (i.e., ratio, 0.01). Conclusions: The results of our analysis demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 has enormously mutated since its first sequence has been identified over 2 years ago
High School Teachers' Perceptions of Safety in Rural High Schools
No full textSchool safety continues to be a contentious issue in American society. Teachers
employed in two different high schools, one located in Illinois and the other located in Alabama, were surveyed in order to ascertain if the presence of school safety technology and a high frequency of lockdown drills influenced their perceptions of safety. Survey questions consisted of 19 Likert scale questions, as well as three open-ended questions. Fisher’s exact tests and independent t-tests were used to analyze survey results. Open- ended survey questions were analyzed for trends related to teachers’ perceptions of safety. The results of the analyses showed teachers reported higher perceptions of safety when more school safety technology was present in their schools. The frequency of lockdown drills did not yield statistical significance. A set of recommendations was constructed to assist school leaders in evaluating current school safety plans. The set of recommendations may assist in reducing casualties in the event of an active shooter situation.
Keywords: School safety, School violence prevention, Elementary and secondary education, Active shooter, Student behavior, Teacher preparedness, K-12 educationProQuest Traditional Publishing Optio
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