1,721,010 research outputs found
Long term effects of prenatal 3'-azido-3' -deoxythymidine (AZT) on intermale aggressive behaviour of mice
No full textEffects of perinatal exposure to PBDE 99 and A 1254 on mouse neurobehavioral development
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Biomarkers of stress resilience: A review
Full text linkThe complex dyadic interaction of stress and resilience has received growing attention as a promising avenue for informing new diagnostic and prognostic models for human health. In this review, we present a selection of some of the most relevant data on translational models and biomarkers of stress and resilience in the field of mental health. Several critical aspects concerning the preclinical and clinical model development are addressed. The distance between preclinical and clinical disease models has widened with time across all fields of medicine, with psychiatry presenting additional hurdles represented by the inherent heterogeneity of the studied phenotypes. Capitalizing on technological advances in developing and consolidating sound theories for stress-resilience interaction models represents a promising avenue, possibly endowed with greater ecological validity compared to the sole socio-psychological assessment. Instrumental in advancing the field will be an increased level of integration between preclinical and clinical researchers' efforts in developing translational biomarkers, aiming to elucidate better the interindividual heterogeneity in the impact of stress exposure on individuals’ health and behavior
Breaking free from the inflammatory trap of depression: Regulating the interplay between immune activation and plasticity to foster mental health
Full text linkImmune alterations have been widely implicated in the onset, progression, and treatment of major depressive disorder. However, our comprehension of the intricate link between immune function and psychopathology remains fragmented and limited. Here we propose that the interplay between immune function and neural plasticity is key in the transition from psychopathology to mental wellbeing. In particular, any deviation toward an extreme immune activation or suppression leads to a dysregulation in the molecular machinery underlying neural plasticity. Therefore, pro–inflammatory conditions in depressed patients are associated with impaired plasticity, limiting the potential to recover. Patient's confinement within their pathological state is here referred to as an inflammatory trap of depression. The normalization of immune activation reinstates plasticity, thereby restoring the capacity to attain mental wellbeing. Since growing evidence is showing that reinstating plasticity does not lead to an improvement per se but increases the likelihood of recovery, combining the normalization of immune activity with environmental conditions promoting wellbeing is critical to achieve a beneficial outcome. This theoretical framework allows to reconcile key conceptual discrepancies in immunopsychiatry such as the egg and chicken and the nor sufficient nor necessary issues. Overall, we propose that tuning the immune system to promote neural plasticity is a promising approach to refine and develop innovative therapeutic strategies for depression, leading to personalized and highly effective treatments
Adiponectin predicts poor response to antidepressant drugs in major depressive disorder
No full textObjective: Produced by adipocytes, adiponectin crosses the blood-brain barrier to bind with specific receptors in the hypothalamus, brainstem, hippocampus, and cortex. In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), circulating levels of adiponectin inversely related with antidepressant response to ketamine, and predicted a better response to multi-target drug combinations than to escitalopram. We investigated the effect of adiponectin on response to antidepressants in a naturalistic setting. Methods: We assessed baseline plasma levels of adiponectin in 121 MDD inpatients, treated with antidepressant drug monotherapy based on clinical need (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, duloxetine) in a specialized hospital setting. Severity of depression was weekly assessed with Hamilton scale ratings. Results: Adiponectin plasma levels were higher in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls, and negatively influenced the pattern of antidepressant response (higher baseline levels, worse response) independent of the drug class and of the baseline severity of depression, and of age, sex, and body mass index. Conclusions: The identification of adiponectin as a predictor of antidepressant response to drugs of different mechanism of action, such as ketamine, SSRIs, and SNRIs, and both in experimental and in clinical settings, warrants interest for further study of its pathways to search for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. KEYWORDS. antidepressant, adiponectin, depression, SNRI, SSRI
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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