1,720,969 research outputs found
Sécurité et implémentation en cryptographie quantique avancée : monnaie quantique et tirage à pile ou face faible
No full textLes lois de la mécanique quantique présentent un fort potentiel d’amélioration pour la sécurité des réseaux de communication, du cryptage à clé publique au vote électronique, en passant par la banque en ligne. Cette thèse porte sur la sécurité pratique et l’implémentation de deux tâches cryptographiques quantiques : la monnaie quantique et le tirage à pile-ou-face faible. La monnaie quantique exploite le théorème de non-clonage quantique pour générer des jetons, billets ou cartes de crédit strictement infalsifiables. Nous réalisons la première démonstration expérimentale de cette fonctionnalité sur une plateforme photonique aux longueurs d’onde télécom. Nous développons ensuite une analyse de sécurité pratique pour les cartes de crédit quantique. La banque peut ainsi vérifier l’authenticité de la carte à distance, même en présence d’un terminal de paiement malhonnête. Enfin, nous proposons une expérience permettant le stockage sécurisé d’une carte de crédit quantique en utilisant la transparence électromagnétiquement induite au sein d’un nuage d’atomes refroidis. Le tirage à pile-ou-face faible est une primitive cryptographique fondamentale: elle permet en effet la construction de tâches plus complexes telles que la mise en gage de bit et le calcul multipartite sécurisé. Lors d’un tirage à pile ou face, deux entités distantes et méfiantes jettent une pièce. Grâce à l’intrication quantique, il est possible de limiter la probabilité que l’entité malhonnête biaise la pièce. Dans ce projet, nous proposons la première implémentation du pile-ou-face faible. Celle-ci requiert un photon unique et une plateforme d’optique linéaire. Nous présentons l’analyse de sécurité en présence d’erreurs et de pertes, et démontrons que le protocole est réalisable à l’échelle d’une ville. Enfin, nous proposons de réduire davantage la probabilité du biais du protocole.Harnessing the laws of quantum theory can drastically boost the security of modern communication networks, from public key encryption to electronic voting and online banking. In this thesis, we bridge the gap between theory and experiment regarding two quantum-cryptographic tasks: quantum money and quantum weak coin flipping. Quantum money exploits the no-cloning property of quantum physics to generate unforgeable tokens, banknotes, and credit cards. We provide the first proof-of-principle implementation of this task, using photonic systems at telecom wavelengths. We then develop a practical security proof for quantum credit card schemes, in which the bank can remotely verify a card even in the presence of a malicious payment terminal. We finally propose a setup for secure quantum storage of the credit card, using electromagnetically-induced transparency in a cloud of cold cesium atoms. Quantum weak coin flipping is a fundamental cryptographic primitive, which helps construct more complex tasks such as bit commitment and multiparty computation. It allows two distant parties to flip a coin when they both desire opposite outcomes. Using quantum entanglement then prevents any party from biasing the outcome of the flip beyond a certain probability. We propose the first implementation for quantum weak coin flipping, which requires a single photon and linear optics only. We provide the complete security analysis in the presence of noise and losses, and show that the protocol is implementable on the scale of a small city with current technology. We finally propose a linear-optical extension of the protocol to lower the coin bias
Sécurité et implémentation en cryptographie quantique avancée : monnaie quantique et tirage à pile ou face faible
No full textHarnessing the laws of quantum theory can drastically boost the security of modern communication networks, from public key encryption to electronic voting and online banking. In this thesis, we bridge the gap between theory and experiment regarding two quantum-cryptographic tasks: quantum money and quantum weak coin flipping. Quantum money exploits the no-cloning property of quantum physics to generate unforgeable tokens, banknotes, and credit cards. We provide the first proof-of-principle implementation of this task, using photonic systems at telecom wavelengths. We then develop a practical security proof for quantum credit card schemes, in which the bank can remotely verify a card even in the presence of a malicious payment terminal. We finally propose a setup for secure quantum storage of the credit card, using electromagnetically-induced transparency in a cloud of cold cesium atoms. Quantum weak coin flipping is a fundamental cryptographic primitive, which helps construct more complex tasks such as bit commitment and multiparty computation. It allows two distant parties to flip a coin when they both desire opposite outcomes. Using quantum entanglement then prevents any party from biasing the outcome of the flip beyond a certain probability. We propose the first implementation for quantum weak coin flipping, which requires a single photon and linear optics only. We provide the complete security analysis in the presence of noise and losses, and show that the protocol is implementable on the scale of a small city with current technology. We finally propose a linear-optical extension of the protocol to lower the coin bias.Les lois de la mécanique quantique présentent un fort potentiel d’amélioration pour la sécurité des réseaux de communication, du cryptage à clé publique au vote électronique, en passant par la banque en ligne. Cette thèse porte sur la sécurité pratique et l’implémentation de deux tâches cryptographiques quantiques : la monnaie quantique et le tirage à pile-ou-face faible. La monnaie quantique exploite le théorème de non-clonage quantique pour générer des jetons, billets ou cartes de crédit strictement infalsifiables. Nous réalisons la première démonstration expérimentale de cette fonctionnalité sur une plateforme photonique aux longueurs d’onde télécom. Nous développons ensuite une analyse de sécurité pratique pour les cartes de crédit quantique. La banque peut ainsi vérifier l’authenticité de la carte à distance, même en présence d’un terminal de paiement malhonnête. Enfin, nous proposons une expérience permettant le stockage sécurisé d’une carte de crédit quantique en utilisant la transparence électromagnétiquement induite au sein d’un nuage d’atomes refroidis. Le tirage à pile-ou-face faible est une primitive cryptographique fondamentale: elle permet en effet la construction de tâches plus complexes telles que la mise en gage de bit et le calcul multipartite sécurisé. Lors d’un tirage à pile ou face, deux entités distantes et méfiantes jettent une pièce. Grâce à l’intrication quantique, il est possible de limiter la probabilité que l’entité malhonnête biaise la pièce. Dans ce projet, nous proposons la première implémentation du pile-ou-face faible. Celle-ci requiert un photon unique et une plateforme d’optique linéaire. Nous présentons l’analyse de sécurité en présence d’erreurs et de pertes, et démontrons que le protocole est réalisable à l’échelle d’une ville. Enfin, nous proposons de réduire davantage la probabilité du biais du protocole
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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