1,720,957 research outputs found
Thermal and mechanical stabilization process of the organic fraction of the municipal solid waste
No full textIn the present study a thermo-mechanical treatment for the disposal of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) at apartment or condominium scale is proposed. The process presents several advantages allowing to perform a significant volume and moisture reduction of the produced waste at domestic scale thus producing a material with an increased storability and improved characteristics (e.g. calorific value) that make it available for further alternative uses. The assessment of the applicability of the proposed waste pretreatment in a new scheme of waste management system requires several research steps involving different competences and application scales. In this context, a preliminary study is needed targeting to the evaluation and minimization of the energy consumption associated to the process. To this aim, in the present paper, two configurations of a domestic appliance prototype have been presented and the effect of some operating variables has been investigated in order to select the proper configuration and the best set of operating conditions capable to minimize the duration and the energy consumption of the process. The performances of the prototype have been also tested on three model mixtures representing a possible daily domestic waste and compared with an existing commercially available appliance. The results obtained show that a daily application of the process is feasible given the short treatment time required and the energy consumption comparable to the one of the common domestic appliances. Finally, the evaluation of the energy recovered in the final product per unit weight of raw material shows that in most cases it is comparable to the energy required from the treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence of preheating and thermal power on cyclonic burner characteristics under mild combustion
No full textAutoignition and stabilization of distributed combustion regimes have been proved to occur when a sufficient entrainment of hot species in the fresh reactants jets is reached, thus providing simultaneously for the sensible enthalpy to promote the auto-ignition process and the mass to dilute the incoming fresh reactants. The present study investigates the stabilization process along with the performance of the combustion process in a cyclonic burner operated under MILD combustion conditions. The cyclonic flow has been achieved by means of two pairs of oxidant/fuel jets injected using an anti-symmetric configuration in a prismatic combustion chamber thus realizing a centripetal cyclonic flow field directed toward the top-central gas outlet. Propane/air combustion experimental campaigns without external dilution, on a detailed grid of equivalence ratio and preheating temperature values, at different average residence time and nominal thermal power values were made. In each test condition, temperature measurements inside the chamber and gas sampling analyses have been carried out in order to evaluate the operability range of the cyclonic burner and its performances. These tests allowed to demonstrate the feasibility of stable MILD Combustion regimes in a wide range of operating conditions even when feeding the cyclonic burner with undiluted air. The residence time of the streams inside the burner plays an important role for both reactive structure stabilization and combustion performances/emissions. Significantly, fuel-lean conditions correspond, in the considered cases, to simultaneously low CO and NOx emissions. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that stable combustion can be sustained in absence of any preheating in a considerable thermal load range and that it is possible, in this condition, to achieve a complete fuel conversion, with a remarkably low pollutant emission for thermal loads up to 8 kW
Impact of external operating parameters on the performance of a cyclonic burner with high level of internal recirculation under MILD combustion conditions
No full textInternal exhaust gases recirculation represents a promising strategy to stabilize the oxidation process for new technologies (such as MILD, LTC) that limit system temperatures to reduce pollutants emissions while ensuring high process efficiency.
A cyclonic flow configuration may represent a proper way to enhance the mixing process in very short time while allowing for residence times long enough to achieve complete oxidation of diluted and pre-heated mixtures.
To this aim, a cyclonic burner was built and used to assess potentials of this peculiar configuration. Experimental tests have been performed varying independently the external operating parameters, namely the overall dilution level, the mixture composition and the average residence time. Temperature measurements inside the combustor and gas sampling analysis at the stack were carried out to evaluate cyclonic burner performance and pollutant emissions.
Distributed combustion regimes have been proved to occur when a sufficient entrainment of hot species in the fresh oxidant and fuel jets is attained. The experimental results obtained for reactive conditions were ascribable to some peculiar characteristics of the cyclonic flow field.
They confirmed that the cyclonic configuration is a valuable solution to stabilize the oxidation process while containing the pollutants emission for a wide range of operational parameter
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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