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Through discursive psychology to a psycho-social approach
No full textI begin this chapter by tracing the discursive turn’s emergence in social psychology with reference to my personal trajectory. I identify two characteristic themes: critique of the unitary rational subject of traditional (cognitive) psychology with its sealed off view of mind, and the enduring question about the relative effectivity of inner and outer influences in forming subjectivity. I then focus on the widespread criticism of discursive psychology for failing to theorise subjectivity, therefore falling into a reductionist external account. I keep a dual perspective on theory of subjectivity and empirical methodology, aiming to show how these are inextricable and how methods can hide (and reveal) important facets of subjectivity. This leads to an account of how some discursive psychologists have used psychoanalysis to make good their ‘empty subject’ and I give a brief account of the rationale for my development of psychoanalytically informed interviewing and observation methods. This is illustrated by detailing the principles underpinning the design of an empirical research project on identity change, after which I return to the key notion of positioning as a lens through which to discuss some differences between a discursive and psycho-social approach
CULTURAL OTHERING, BANAL OCCIDENTALISM AND THE DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ‘GREEK CRISIS’ IN GLOBAL MEDIA: A CASE STUDY
Full text linkIn the wake of Billig’s thesis on banal nationalism, numerous social psychology studies have been produced documenting on the explicit manifestation or implicit indexicalisation of variants of national identity within text and talk. Within this strand of work, some attention has been paid to ways in which the banal manifestation of national referents may be further interrogated from a critical perspective focusing on Occidentalism. Drawing on this emerging line of research, an analysis is presented here of a travelogue on ‘the Greek crisis’, published in a globally circulating magazine (Vanity Fair). Using tools and concepts from the discursive turn in social psychology, the analysis highlights ways in which Occidentalist assumptions claim rhetorical and ideological legitimacy within a text that advances a ‘culturalist’ explanation of the financial crisis in which Greece has been entangled since 2009. The analysis focuses on ways in which the authorial voice others Greece culturally, while at the same time, manages its own accountability and (re-) affirms its Occidental credentials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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‘Le Bon in Exarcheia’: Cultural pathology in media constructions of political crowd action in Greece
No full textHistorical and social identity-based analyses have established that pathologising accounts of crowd phenomena are rhetorically and ideologically potent and are often levelled from and affirming a privileged class position. This chapter elucidates dimensions of cultural politics intersecting in discourses on political crowd action, be they manifested in Le Bon’s oeuvre or in contemporary media accounts of riots in Greece. Drawing on cultural studies, we suggest that the pathology trope evident in Le Bon’s treatise on crowds relates to his standing as a key intellectual figure within Orientalism in France. In modern Greece, the orientalist diagnosis cum charge of cultural pathology has been often deployed by left-of-the-centre media to frame the December 2008 riots in Athens in terms of an alleged pathology in political culture rather than in terms of societal and political antagonisms. We conclude by discussing the ideological implications of leading voices employing cultural pathology narratives in terms of shaping public discourses and representations of crowd processes and political action
Accounting for the Phenomenon of Sex-Trafficking: Cultural Representations and Social Accountability in NGO-Employees’ Interview Talk
No full textΗ καταπολέμηση της διακίνησης και εμπορίας γυναικών (sex-trafficking) αποτελεί κόμβο της αμερικανικής εξωτερικής πολιτικής. Ζήτημα άμεσα συνδεδεμένο αρχικά με την συντηρητική ατζέντα του ρεπουμπλικανικού κόμματος, σύντομα έλαβε χαρακτηριστικά διεθνούς ηθικού πανικού, με κράτη να ευθυγραμμίζονται συναφώς πολιτικά. Αντίστοιχα, στο επίπεδο ‘κοινωνία πολιτών’, αναδείχθηκε σε πυλώνα δραστηριοποίησης ποικιλόμορφων Μη-Κυβερνητικών Οργανώσεων (Μ.Κ.Ο.). Στην κριτική, κοινωνιοθεωρητική βιβλιογραφία, ωστόσο, υποστηρίζεται ότι το sex-trafficking αποτελεί κόμβο συνάρθρωσης εξουσιαστικών λόγων και θεσμικών πρακτικών περί φύλου, μετανάστευσης, τάξης και εργασίας. Εντός αυτής της βιβλιογραφίας, μια υποτιμημένη διάσταση αφορά την ιδεολογική εικονογραφία αναπαραστάσεων πολιτισμικών ταυτοτήτων που κινητοποιούνται στην δημόσια κατανόηση και επεξήγηση των εμπλεκομένων δρώντων. Στην κάλυψη του κενού αυτού συμβάλει το παρόν κείμενο. Υιοθετώντας τη σκοπιά της κριτικής λογο-κοινωνιοψυχολογίας, αναλύονται αποσπάσματα λόγου από μελέτη συνεντεύξεων στην οποία συμμετείχαν τριανταέξι (36) εργαζόμενοι/ες σε Μ.Κ.Ο. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε τα έτη 2009-2011, εποχή που το ζήτημα απασχολούσε έντονα τον δημόσιο διάλογο στην Ελλάδα. Η ανάλυση επικεντρώνεται στην κινητοποίηση στον λόγο ιδεολογικών εικόνων, παραδοχών και θέσεων οι οποίες εμπεριστατώνουν την αντίστιξη οριενταλιστικών και οξιντενταλιστικών εννοιολογικών κατασκευών κατά τη ρητορική θέσπιση της κοινωνικής λογοδοσίας των ομιλητών. Όπως αναδεικνύεται, οι πολιτισμικές αναπαραστασιακές πρακτικές που αρθρώνονται συχνά με όρους ηθικού πανικού για το sex-trafficking και οι θυματοποιημένες κατασκευές που εντοπίζονται στα συνομιλιακά αποσπάσματα συγκροτούν μια σύνθετη ιδεολογικά και ρητορικά συνθήκη. Η εναλλαγή οριενταλιστικών και οξιντενταλιστικών θέσεων ως γεγονικά ερμηνευτικά σχήματα, καθώς και οι κατασκευές για τον «εαυτό» και τον «άλλον» συνυφαίνονται με μεταβαλλόμενες και ρητορικά προσανατολισμένες θέσεις για το φύλο, τη φυλή, την εθνική ταυτότητα και με ψυχολογικές αποδόσεις για το προφίλ των γυναικών θυμάτων.Τhe fight against sex-trafficking constitutes a pillar of American foreign policy. Closely related to the agenda of the Republican party at first, it soon developed into an international moral panic, with nation-States aligning to its cause. In civil society, also, sex-trafficking became a field of operation for various N.G.O.s. In the critical sociotheoretical literature, however, sex-trafficking is treated as a node around which interweave discourses and institutional practices on gender, migration, class and labour. Within this critical literature, though, there is an empirical lacuna regarding the ideological imagery and representations of cultural identities mobilised in talk on the actors involved in sex-trafficking. The present paper addresses this lacuna. We analyze data from an interview study with 36 NGO employees deploying tools and concepts from critical discursive social psychology. The study took place in 2009-2011, a time when sex-trafficking appeared prominently in Greek public discourse. Analysis highlights ways in which ideological images and positions, pertaining to orientalist and occidentalist cultural frameworks, are mobilised within participants’ discourse while they attend to their social accountability. It is argued that the cultural representation practices that are often constructed in terms of moral panic as well as the victimisaton constructions identified in the conversational extracts constitute a complex rhetorical and ideological context. The shift between orientalist and occidentalist positions as factual interpretative devices and the constructions of “self” and “other” interweave with shifting and rhetorically oriented positions about gender, race, national identity and psychological attributions regarding the victim’s profile
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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