1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit: impact for general surgical training and service provision
Get PDFEmergency Laparotomies (Em Lap) are one of the most commonly performed emergency general surgical procedures worldwide. They are invasive abdominal operations performed to treat conditions such as intestinal obstruction or perforation. Mortality rates are high compared to planned general surgical procedures and the post-operative sequelae may represent significant burdens to patients, families, and healthcare systems. Prior to 2012, repeated observations were made regarding the deficiencies and variability of care received by the patients who required an Em Lap. Following this The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) began in 2013.This collects detailed data about patients who have Em Lap and the care they receive within England and Wales, and hopes to improve outcomes for these patients.
The aim of this thesis was to use data from NELA to address issues specifically relating to general surgical service provision and training
The first study (Chapter 3) explored the relationship between time to theatre and mortality in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. The NELA annual reports have highlighted that the identification and management of patients with intra-abdominal sepsis is lacking. Patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease were used to model time to theatre as a continuous variable and investigate if a longer time to theatre led to increased mortality. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a cumulative increased risk of death by 90 days of 4% (Odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)1.02-1.07) which increased to 6% (OR 1.06, 95% Cl 1.01-1.11) in patients with physiological derangements.
The second study (Chapter 4) addressed the impact of consultant surgeon elective special interest on post-operative outcomes. Procedures performed at Em Lap can be due to pathology from either end of the gastrointestinal tract and can be managed by general surgeons with an elective special interest at odds to the pathology.
This study found an increased post-operative mortality if Em Lap was performed by consultant surgeon with a special interest not in the area of pathology (Colorectal procedures OR 1.23, 95%CI1.13-1.33and Upper Gastrointestinal procedures OR 1.02, 95% Cl 1.05-1.20). Return to theatre was increased in the colorectal operative group.
The next two studies (Chapter 5 and 6)focused on training opportunities for general surgical trainees who are required to gain experience in Em Lap operating by recording at least 100 Em Laps in their training log books. Trainees complete their training in one geographical area (deanery) and Chapter 5 analysed, by deanery, the numbers of Em Laps and core emergency procedures occurring that are required for completion of training. This identified inter deanery variation in numbers of Em Lap. This raises questions relating to the number of training opportunities for trainees working in these areas.
The final chapter aimed to describe trends in trainee led operating by deanery, hospital size and time of day. The association between trainee led operating and mortality was also investigated. The analysis demonstrated trainees were most likely to operate independently in the Health Education Yorkshire and Humber deanery, in high volume centres and at night. No increased risk of death was observed if a trainee was the most senior surgeon in theatre across all Em Lap and emergency procedural groups (P<= 0.001).
This thesis has provided data to inform and improve health care policy for patients who require high risk emergency surgery. It has also provided data to help shape, improve and inform the future generation of general surgeons
The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit: impact for general surgical training and service provision
Get PDFEmergency Laparotomies (Em Lap) are one of the most commonly performed emergency general surgical procedures worldwide. They are invasive abdominal operations performed to treat conditions such as intestinal obstruction or perforation. Mortality rates are high compared to planned general surgical procedures and the post-operative sequelae may represent significant burdens to patients, families, and healthcare systems. Prior to 2012, repeated observations were made regarding the deficiencies and variability of care received by the patients who required an Em Lap. Following this The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) began in 2013.This collects detailed data about patients who have Em Lap and the care they receive within England and Wales, and hopes to improve outcomes for these patients.
The aim of this thesis was to use data from NELA to address issues specifically relating to general surgical service provision and training
The first study (Chapter 3) explored the relationship between time to theatre and mortality in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. The NELA annual reports have highlighted that the identification and management of patients with intra-abdominal sepsis is lacking. Patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease were used to model time to theatre as a continuous variable and investigate if a longer time to theatre led to increased mortality. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a cumulative increased risk of death by 90 days of 4% (Odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)1.02-1.07) which increased to 6% (OR 1.06, 95% Cl 1.01-1.11) in patients with physiological derangements.
The second study (Chapter 4) addressed the impact of consultant surgeon elective special interest on post-operative outcomes. Procedures performed at Em Lap can be due to pathology from either end of the gastrointestinal tract and can be managed by general surgeons with an elective special interest at odds to the pathology.
This study found an increased post-operative mortality if Em Lap was performed by consultant surgeon with a special interest not in the area of pathology (Colorectal procedures OR 1.23, 95%CI1.13-1.33and Upper Gastrointestinal procedures OR 1.02, 95% Cl 1.05-1.20). Return to theatre was increased in the colorectal operative group.
The next two studies (Chapter 5 and 6)focused on training opportunities for general surgical trainees who are required to gain experience in Em Lap operating by recording at least 100 Em Laps in their training log books. Trainees complete their training in one geographical area (deanery) and Chapter 5 analysed, by deanery, the numbers of Em Laps and core emergency procedures occurring that are required for completion of training. This identified inter deanery variation in numbers of Em Lap. This raises questions relating to the number of training opportunities for trainees working in these areas.
The final chapter aimed to describe trends in trainee led operating by deanery, hospital size and time of day. The association between trainee led operating and mortality was also investigated. The analysis demonstrated trainees were most likely to operate independently in the Health Education Yorkshire and Humber deanery, in high volume centres and at night. No increased risk of death was observed if a trainee was the most senior surgeon in theatre across all Em Lap and emergency procedural groups (P<= 0.001).
This thesis has provided data to inform and improve health care policy for patients who require high risk emergency surgery. It has also provided data to help shape, improve and inform the future generation of general surgeons
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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