1,720,965 research outputs found
Discrete and portfolio choice experiments:Methodological considerations and health policy applications
No full textThe aim of this dissertation is to advance the literature on the elicitation of public preferences for health policies and, to this end, contains three more specific objectives. The first objective is to position a novel method, Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE), relative to other more commonly used multi-attribute preference-elicitation methods used in the health domain, like discrete choice experiments (DCEs). After a general introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 introduces PVE in the health domain and, by comparing it conceptually to four established methods, aims to contribute to a well-informed selection of method for preference-elicitation by researchers and policymakers. The Chapter ends with recommendations for further development of PVE, in particular regarding the feasibility and validity of the method. The second objective is to examine the influence of design characteristics of a DCE or PVE on the preferences elicited with the choice experiment, which is addressed in Chapters 3 and 6. Chapter 3 discusses the findings of a review of the literature across different domains on the impact of the presentation order of alternatives, attributes and choice sets on respondents’ choices in a DCE. Chapter 6 examines whether expenditure preferences and consequentiality perceptions of respondents in a PVE are sensitive to the payment vehicle used in the experiment and to the priming of opportunity costs. The third objective is to explore public preferences for health policy alternatives from a citizen perspective using DCE and PVE, which is addressed in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 4 uses a DCE to elicit public preferences for collective skin cancer prevention policies in Austria, the Netherlands, and Spain. Chapter 5 uses PVE to elicit public preferences for policy action regarding long-term care (LTC) for older people in the Netherlands in 2040.Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the main findings of Chapters 2 to 6 and discusses some strengths and limitations as well as several implications for future research and policy. In particular, the Chapter considers the validity of eliciting preferences for public policy from a citizen perspective and our current understanding of respondents’ choice processes and choice behaviours in PVE choice tasks.<br/
Discrete and portfolio choice experiments:Methodological considerations and health policy applications
No full textThe aim of this dissertation is to advance the literature on the elicitation of public preferences for health policies and, to this end, contains three more specific objectives. The first objective is to position a novel method, Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE), relative to other more commonly used multi-attribute preference-elicitation methods used in the health domain, like discrete choice experiments (DCEs). After a general introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 introduces PVE in the health domain and, by comparing it conceptually to four established methods, aims to contribute to a well-informed selection of method for preference-elicitation by researchers and policymakers. The Chapter ends with recommendations for further development of PVE, in particular regarding the feasibility and validity of the method. The second objective is to examine the influence of design characteristics of a DCE or PVE on the preferences elicited with the choice experiment, which is addressed in Chapters 3 and 6. Chapter 3 discusses the findings of a review of the literature across different domains on the impact of the presentation order of alternatives, attributes and choice sets on respondents’ choices in a DCE. Chapter 6 examines whether expenditure preferences and consequentiality perceptions of respondents in a PVE are sensitive to the payment vehicle used in the experiment and to the priming of opportunity costs. The third objective is to explore public preferences for health policy alternatives from a citizen perspective using DCE and PVE, which is addressed in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 4 uses a DCE to elicit public preferences for collective skin cancer prevention policies in Austria, the Netherlands, and Spain. Chapter 5 uses PVE to elicit public preferences for policy action regarding long-term care (LTC) for older people in the Netherlands in 2040.Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the main findings of Chapters 2 to 6 and discusses some strengths and limitations as well as several implications for future research and policy. In particular, the Chapter considers the validity of eliciting preferences for public policy from a citizen perspective and our current understanding of respondents’ choice processes and choice behaviours in PVE choice tasks.<br/
Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE): A New Preference-Elicitation Method for Decision Making in Healthcare
No full textParticipatory value evaluation (PVE) has recently been introduced in the field of health as a new method to elicit stated preferences for public policies. PVE is a method in which respondents in a choice experiment are presented with various policy options and their attributes, and are asked to compose their portfolio of preference given a public-resource constraint. This paper aims to illustrate PVE’s potential for informing healthcare decision making and to position it relative to established preference-elicitation methods. We first describe PVE and its theoretical background. Next, by means of a narrative review of the eight existing PVE applications within and outside the health domain, we illustrate the different implementations of the main features of the method. We then compare PVE to several established preference-elicitation methods in terms of the structure and nature of the choice tasks presented to respondents. The portfolio-based choice task in a PVE requires respondents to consider a set of policy alternatives in relation to each other and to make trade-offs subject to one or more constraints, which more closely resembles decision making by policymakers. When using a flexible budget constraint, respondents can trade-off their private income with public expenditures. Relative to other methods, a PVE may be cognitively more demanding and is less efficient; however, it seems a promising complementary method for the preference-based assessment of health policies. Further research into the feasibility and validity of the method is required before researchers and policymakers can fully appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of the PVE as a preference-elicitation method.Transport and Logistic
Ordering effects in discrete choice experiments: a systematic literature review across domains
Full text linkDiscrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly used in several scientific domains. Since their results may be used to inform governmental decision-making, it is important that the validity of the method is continuously scrutinized. An often-studied design artefact is the impact of the presentation order of alternatives, attributes, and choice sets on the results of a DCE. No systematic review of the literature on ordering effects existed until now, and many applied studies using a DCE do not explicitly consider the role of ordering effects. I conducted a systematic review of the literature on ordering effects in this study. Using a three-step snowball sampling strategy, 85 studies were identified across various scientific domains. The majority of included studies documented statistically significant ordering effects. Alternative and attribute ordering effects are primarily caused by lexicographic behaviours, while choice set ordering effects seem to be caused by respondent learning, fatigue, or anchoring. Although ordering effects may not always occur, the majority of studies that did find statistically significant effects warrants the use of mitigation methods. An overview of potential mitigation methods for the applied DCE literature is presented, including randomization of presentation orders, advance disclosure of DCE core elements, and inclusion of alternative-specific constants (ASCs), attribute level overlap, and an instructional choice set (ICS). Finally, several directions for future methodological research on this topic are provided, particularly regarding heterogeneity in ordering effects by study design traits and respondent characteristics, and interactions between ordering effects. Insights in these aspects would further our understanding of respondents’ processing of DCEs.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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