1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Does gait retraining have the potential to slow OA development and prolong the benefits of knee realignment surgery?
Get PDFMedial knee osteoarthritis (mKOA) and varus knee alignment is associated with altered knee loading.
Patients may be offered high tibial osteotomy surgery (HTO) to reduce medial compartment knee joint loading and pain. Gait retraining to alter dynamic knee alignment is proposed as a non-invasive approach to offload the medial compartment. This approach has the potential to provide symptomatic relief prior to surgery and optimise gait along with knee loading post-HTO. This thesis explored the biomechanical gait changes pre-to-post HTO with (i) standard gait to define a baseline change in knee loading following surgery and (ii) with an altered gait style (wide stance, medial thrust, toe out) to provide recommendations that will feed into future gait retraining development.
A systematic review revealed a paucity of information on the consequences of altering gait for patients with mKOA and associated effects on adjacent joints. Gait biomechanics and knee loading features were determined using Inverse Dynamic Modelling where primary metrics of medial compartment knee loading were the two external knee adduction moment peaks (EKAM1 and EKAM2) and predictive musculoskeletal modelling via the Concurrent Optimisation of Muscle Activations and Kinematics (COMAK) to quantify the magnitude and location of internal knee joint contact forces. In addition to the above, Principal Component Analysis and the Cardiff Classifier was used to define the baseline change in gait and knee loading because of HTO surgery.
HTO surgery resulted in biomechanical changes in all three planes at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Post-HTO, medial knee loading was reduced by ~10% and ~16% when assessed using COMAK at both peaks in stance. HTO surgery reduced the classification belief in mKOA for 20 out of 22 patients,
indicating biomechanical improvement occurs due to realignment surgery. Toe out gait pre- and post-HTO reduced EKAM2 (~12% pre and -11% post) and second half of
stance internal medial loading peak (~12% pre and ~7% post). Pre-HTO, adopting a toe out gait increased medial internal joint loading in early stance by ~6%. Wide stance gait also reduced medial compartment loading in late stance when adopted pre or post HTO (10-13% reduction in EKAM2 and ~7% reduction in medial internal tibiofemoral joint loading).
Medial thrust gait reduced EKAM pre- and post-HTO. The reductions in EKAM were met with significant alterations at the hip and ankle joint moments and kinematics. Contrary to EKAM, medial thrust resulted in a reduced gait speed and conflicting findings with predictive internal joint loading.
This study is the first to investigate the influence of gait alteration on medial compartment loading pre-to-post HTO surgery. It reveals a set of novel clinically important findings and provides preliminary data supporting future development of patient specific gait retraining aimed at clinical translation
Does Gait Retraining Have the Potential to Slow Osteoarthritis Development and Prolong the Benefits of Knee Realignment Surgery?
Get PDFMedial knee osteoarthritis (mKOA) and varus knee alignment is associated with altered knee loading. Patients may be offered high tibial osteotomy surgery (HTO) to reduce medial compartment knee joint loading and pain. Gait retraining to alter dynamic knee alignment is proposed as a non-invasive approach to offload the medial compartment. This approach has the potential to provide symptomatic relief prior to surgery and optimise gait along with knee loading post-HTO. This thesis explored the biomechanical gait changes pre-to-post HTO with (i) standard gait to define a baseline change in knee loading following surgery and (ii) with an altered gait style (wide stance, medial thrust, toe out) to provide recommendations that will feed into future gait retraining development.
A systematic review revealed a paucity of information on the consequences of altering gait for patients with mKOA and associated effects on adjacent joints. Gait biomechanics and knee loading features were determined using Inverse Dynamic Modelling where primary metrics of medial compartment knee loading were the two external knee adduction moment peaks (EKAM1 and EKAM2) and predictive musculoskeletal modelling via the Concurrent Optimisation of Muscle Activations and Kinematics (COMAK) to quantify the magnitude and location of internal knee joint contact forces. In addition to the above, Principal Component Analysis and the Cardiff Classifier was used to define the baseline change in gait and knee loading because of HTO surgery.
HTO surgery resulted in biomechanical changes in all three planes at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Post-HTO, medial knee loading was reduced by ~10% and ~16% when assessed using COMAK at both peaks in stance. HTO surgery reduced the classification belief in mKOA for 20 out of 22 patients, indicating biomechanical improvement occurs due to realignment surgery. Toe out gait pre- and post-HTO reduced EKAM2 (~12% pre and -11% post) and second half of stance internal medial loading peak (~12% pre and ~7% post). Pre-HTO, adopting a toe out gait increased medial internal joint loading in early stance by ~6%. Wide stance gait also reduced medial compartment loading in late stance when adopted pre or post HTO (10-13% reduction in EKAM2 and ~7% reduction in medial internal tibiofemoral joint loading). Medial thrust gait reduced EKAM pre- and post-HTO. The reductions in EKAM were met with significant alterations at the hip and ankle joint moments and kinematics. Contrary to EKAM, medial thrust resulted in a reduced gait speed and conflicting findings with predictive internal joint loading.
This study is the first to investigate the influence of gait alteration on medial compartment loading pre-to-post HTO surgery. It reveals a set of novel clinically important findings and provides preliminary data supporting future development of patient specific gait retraining aimed at clinical translation
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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