1,720,968 research outputs found
Acoustic ellipsometry for the monitoring and characterization of complex materials
No full textLes matériaux complexes sont aujourd'hui au cœur des enjeux sociétaux majeurs dans la plupart des grands domaines tels que l'énergie, le transport, l'environnement, la conservation/restauration du patrimoine, la santé ou la sécurité. En effet, de par les opportunités d'innovation offertes en matière de fonctionnalités, ces matériaux suscitent de nouvelles problématiques d'analyse et de compréhension multi-physiques et multi-échelles. Il en va de même pour l'instrumentation nécessaire à leur caractérisation.Répandues dans le domaine de la caractérisation non destructive des milieux complexes, les méthodes acoustiques utilisent les propriétés de propagation des ondes mécaniques dans ces matériaux pouvant être hétérogènes et anisotropes.Dans une approche multi-échelle, l'intérêt des méthodes ultrasonores est d'être particulièrement sensibles à leurs propriétés mécaniques, telles que l'élasticité, la rigidité et la viscosité. La nature hétérogène et multiphasique d'un milieu complexe conduit ainsi à la notion de milieu viscoélastique, caractérisé par les coefficients de Lamé généralisés complexes (��∗, ��∗) et leur variation en fonction de la fréquence.L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthode de caractérisation de ces matériaux complexes viscoélastiques qui permette de mesurer simultanément la variation des deux coefficients de Lamé généralisés complexes (��∗, ��∗) en fonction de la fréquence. L'approche proposée est de suivre, dans l'espace et dans le temps, la propagation de l'onde de Rayleigh et d'extraire ses paramètres ellipsométriques (ellipticité χ et orientation θ) en complément des paramètres propagatifs (k' et k'') classiquement déterminés. Basée sur la détection de l'onde par vibrométrie laser 3D à la surface du matériau complexe, et au moyen de l'analyse de Gabor 2D dans l'espace des Quaternions, l'estimation de l'ensemble des paramètres - propagatifs et ellipsométriques - donne accès à la caractérisation complète du milieu avec cette seule onde de Rayleigh.Les développements théoriques proposés dans ce travail, ainsi que les résultats expérimentaux et issus de simulation, confirment l'intérêt de l'ellipsométrie acoustique pour la caractérisation de ces matériaux complexes.Complex materials are at the heart of major societal challenges in most major fields such as energy, transport, environment, heritage conservation/restoration, health and safety. Because of the opportunities for innovation offered in terms of features, these materials are giving rise to new problems of multi-physical and multi-scale analysis and understanding. The same applies to the instrumentation needed to characterize them.Acoustic methods, which are widely used in the non-destructive characterization of complex media, make use of the propagation properties of mechanical waves in these materials, which can be heterogeneous and anisotropic.In a multi-scale approach, the advantage of ultrasonic methods is that they are particularly sensitive to mechanical properties such as elasticity, rigidity and viscosity. The heterogeneous and multiphase nature of a complex medium thus leads to the notion of a viscoelastic medium, characterized by generalized complex Lamé coefficients (��∗, ��∗) and their variation as a function of frequency.The objective of this thesis is to develop a method for characterizing these complex viscoelastic materials that simultaneously measures the variation of the two generalized complex Lamé coefficients (��∗, ��∗) versus the frequency. The proposed approach is to follow, in space and in time, the propagation of the Rayleigh wave and to extract its ellipsometric parameters (ellipticity χ and orientation θ) in addition to the propagation parameters (k' and k'') conventionally determined. Based on the wave detection by 3D laser vibrometry at the surface of the complex material, and by means of 2D Gabor analysis in Quaternion space, the estimation of propagation and ellipsometric parameters gives access to the complete characterization of the complex material only by studying the interaction of a Rayleigh wave with the medium.The theoretical developments proposed in this work, together with experimental and simulation results, confirm the value of acoustic ellipsometry for characterizing these complex materials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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