1,720,968 research outputs found
Epidemiology of leishmanisis in Marrakesh area, Morocco,effect of urbanization on sandfly distribution and molecular characterisation of there populations
No full textLes phlébotomes sont les seuls vecteurs connus des leishmanioses. Au Maroc, ces infections constituent un réel problème de santé publique. Marrakech constitue une zone carrefour entre trois foyers actifs de leishmaniose du sud marocain: Ouarzazate, Azilal et Chichaoua. Nous avons étudié le risque leishmanien en milieu urbain et l'impact de la périurbanisation sur la biodiversité des phlébotomes. L'inventaire de la faune phlébotomienne dans la ville de Marrakech montre la présence de deux vecteurs prouvés de la leishmaniose cutanée: Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi espèce dominante dans la région, vecteur de Leishmania major et P. (Paraphlebotmus) sergenti vecteur de L. tropica. Nous avons aussi découvert la présence en milieu urbain de P. (Larroussius) longicuspis vecteur probable de L. infantum. Deux espèces du genre Sergentomyia ont été collectées : S. (Sergentomyia) minuta et S. (S.) fallax. L'étude de la saisonnalité de ces espèces montre deux périodes annuelles à haut risque leishmanien :octobre-novembre et mai-juin-juillet. P. papatasi et P. longicuspis ont une évolution biphasique et elle est monophasique pour P. sergenti. Les corrélations de l'activité avec les facteurs climatiques du milieu notamment avec la température sont étudiées. En fonction des changements de l'environnement, P. papatasi présente une résistance et une forte adaptation ce qui explique son abondance et son activité continue sur toute l'année. Le typage enzymatique des populations de P. papatasi montre une nette structuration génétique entre les populations de l'Est (Syrie, Chypre) et celles de l'Ouest (Maroc, Espagne) méditerranéen. Par contre, aucune différence n est détectée entre ses populations urbaine et rurale de Marrakech. L'étude moléculaire de P. sergenti, deuxième vecteur rencontré à Marrakech, est effectuée par la comparaison des populations du nord et du sud marocain. Nos résultats confirment sa grande variabilité génétique intraspécifique qui peut être signe de présence d'espèces cryptiques. L'étude du complexe perniciosus, montre une large distribution de la forme atypique de P. perniciosus dans le sud marocain. L'analyse enzymatique nous a permis d'identifier un nouveau marqueur enzymatique : l'aconitase (E.C.4.2.1.3), pour distinguer les deux espèces P. perniciosus et P. longicuspis. L'étude de l'ADN mitochondrial confirme la présence de l'espèce jumelle de P. longicuspis dans le sud marocain. Nos résultats nous ont permis d'ajouter de nouveaux critères de diagnose à la clé d'identification des phlébotomes du Maroc.Phlebotomine sandflies are the only vectors known of leishmaniasis. These diseases are a serious increasing public health problem in Morocco. Marrakesh city presents a high risk because of its position close to many cutaneous leishmaniasis foci: Ouarzazate, Azilal and recently focus of Chichaoua. Our entomological investigations in Marrakesh area showed presence of five sandfly species. Two of them, Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti, are the proven vectors of Leishmania major and L. tropica, respectively. In addition, P. longicuspis, suspected vector of L. infantum was collected and two species of the genus Sergentomyia: S. minuta and S. fallax. The seasonality of the sandfly fauna in Marrakesh was examined and they were active especially during the dry season (from May to November). Two seasonal patterns were identified, mono-modal one for P. sergenti and bi-modal one for P. papatasi and P. longicuspis. P. papatasi was active throughout the year in this area. Effect of urbanization in Marrakesh city favour establishment of this species and it is the most adapted sandfly species to the environmental variations. Isoenzymatic analysis showed no difference between the populations of P. papatasi from urban area and rural districts around Marrakesh. Genetic distances speared the populations from western Mediterranean countries (Morocco and Spain) from eastern once (Syria and Cyprus). Molecular analysis of the second vector collected in Marrakesh, P. sergenti, showed a greater genetic diversity of its populations. Three mitochondrial DNA lineages were identified, and they could be markets for presence of cryptic species. All specimens of P. perniciosus examined from the south of Morocco showed single-pointed aedeagi curved at their apices, indistinguishable from the atypical morph of P. perniciosus. Enzyme loci showed fixed alleles diagnostic for P. perniciosus sensu lato (aconitase) and P. longicuspis s.l. (aconitase and hexokinase). The comparative sequence analysis of the Cyt b fragment showed a haplotype of atypical form of P. perniciosus and presence of LCx, sibling species of P. longicuspis in southern Morocco
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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