1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Messung flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen in Bioproben von Frühgeborenen
Get PDFMehr als 10 % aller Geburten weltweit sind Frühgeburten. Je früher die Kinder geboren werden, desto unreifer sind ihre Organsysteme und –funktionen, sowie das Immunsystem. Somit sind Frühgeborene besonders anfällig für akute und chronische Erkrankungen, sowie für Infektionen. Des Weiteren ist hervorzuheben, dass sie sehr sensibel auf Stress reagieren. Zur Diagnostik müssen häufig invasive Maßnahmen wie Blutentnahmen durchgeführt werden. Bei Frühgeborenen können diese jedoch Stress und Anämien auslösen und sich negativ auf die Kurz- und Langzeitentwicklung auswirken. Um diese negativen Folgen zukünftig zu minimieren, ist die Entwicklung nicht-invasiver diagnostischer Methoden erstrebenswert. Dabei birgt die Analyse flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) ein großes Potential. Sie entstehen im Körper bei physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Prozessen und werden über Haut, Urin, Stuhl und Ausatemluft an die Umwelt abgegeben. Mithilfe elektronischer Nasen, zu welchen das multikapillarsäulengekoppelte Ionenmobilitätsspektrometer (MCC-IMS) und die Cyranose® 320 gezählt werden, können VOCs bereits in extrem geringen Konzentrationen (pg/l) detektiert werden. Dabei ist die Cyranose® 320 schnell und kompakt, sie kann jedoch nur bestimmte Muster, die Smellprints genannt werden, erkennen. Dem gegenüber steht das MCC-IMS. Es ist im Vergleich zur handlichen Cyranose® 320 schwerer und größer, aber ebenfalls mobil auf Station und am Patientenbett einsetzbar. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Analyseverfahrens ist die Möglichkeit einer Zuordnung bestimmter biochemischer Substanzen aus den vermessenen Proben.
Die vorliegende Arbeit hat sich mit der Frage beschäftigt, ob mittels multikapillarsäulengekoppelter Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (MCC-IMS) und Cyranose® 320 eine Umgebungsluft-unabhängige Methode zur Messung von VOCs an Bioproben von Frühgeborenen möglich ist. Nach Genehmigung der Ethikkommission des Saarlandes (HOM: 276/17) wurden Urin- und Stuhlproben Frühgeborener gesammelt und mittels MCC-IMS und Cyranose® 320 analysiert. Einschlusskriterien waren neben der Betreuung auf den neonatologischen Stationen des Universitätsklinikums des Saarlandes ein Geburtsgewicht < 2000 g oder ein Gestationsalter < 32 Wochen, sowie das schriftliche Einverständnis der Eltern. Die statistische Auswertung der Daten des MCC-IMS erfolgte unter Verwendung des Mann-Whitney-U-Tests und Bonferroni-Korrektur, die Auswertung der Cyranose® 320 durch eine lineare Diskriminanzanalyse zur Ermittlung der Mahalanobis- Distanz (MD) und des Kreuzvalidierungswertes (CVV).
Es wurden VOCs-Profile von 133 Stuhl- und Urinproben von insgesamt 12 Frühgeborenen untersucht. Zunächst erfolgte die stufenweise Etablierung beider Methoden. Es gelang, die Messmethoden zu optimieren, sodass Stuhl und Urin als Probematerial verwendet werden konnten. Zudem wurden mit systematischen Kontrollexperimenten optimale Lagerungsbedingungen für die Bioproben entwickelt. Mithilfe des MCC-IMS konnte demonstriert werden, dass der Inhalt der Windel (Urin/ Stuhl) anhand des VOCs-Musters klassifiziert werden kann. Des Weiteren gelang es, Unterschiede zwischen Kindern, welchen ein bestimmtes Medikament verabreicht wurde und Kindern, welchen das entsprechende Medikament nicht verabreicht wurde, zu detektieren. Sogar eine Unterscheidung von Zwillingen und Vierlingen anhand ihres mittels MCC-IMS bestimmten VOCs-Profils war möglich. Vielversprechend war auch, dass eine Unterscheidung zwischen einem gesunden Kind und einem an Sepsis erkrankten Kind vorgenommen werden konnte. Die mittels MCC-IMS-Analyse identifizierten Peaks wurden mit einer Substanzdatenbank abgeglichen. Dabei konnten verschiedene Peaks bestimmten Substanzen (z.B. 2-Methylthio-Ethanol, 2-Pentyl-Furan, 2-Hexanon und Benzonitril) zugeordnet werden. In der Literatur findet sich für 2-Methylthio-Ethanol, 2-Pentyl-Furan und Benzonitril eine Assoziation mit Bakterienmetaboliten. Ein Auftreten der Substanzen 2-Hexanon und Butanal wurde mit septischem Schock/ Endotoxinschock in Zusammenhang gebracht. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass sich die Cyranose® 320 als Screening-Instrument für die Identifikation von VOCs-Profilen eignet, da anhand der „Smellprints“ unterschiedliche Exkremente und auch unterschiedliche Individuen voneinander unterschieden werden konnten.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnten Profile volatiler organischer Substanzen von Bioproben Frühgeborener zuverlässig und Umgebungsluft-unabhängig mittels MCC-IMS und Cyranose® 320 erhoben werden. Die Ergebnisse stellen einen innovativen Ansatz zur nicht-invasiven Diagnostik in der Neonatologie dar und könnten sich zur Suche nach volatilen Biomarkern in der Neonatologie eignen.Throughout the world, more than one in ten infants is born prematurely. As the children are born earlier, their organ systems, functions and the immune system are less mature. Therefore, premature infants are particularly susceptible to acute and chronic diseases and infections. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that these children are very sensitive to stress. For diagnostic purposes, invasive measures such as blood sampling are often performed. In premature infants, however, these can trigger stress and anemia and have a negative effect on short-term and long-term development. In order to minimize these negative consequences in the future, the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods is desirable. In this context, the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possesses great potential. VOCs are produced in the body during physiological and pathophysiological processes and are released into the environment via skin, urine, stool and exhaled air. Using electronic noses, including the ion mobility spectrometer coupled to multi-capillary columns (MCC-IMS) and Cyranose® 320, VOCs can be detected even in extremely low concentrations (pg/l). On the one hand, Cyranose® 320 is fast and compact, but can only detect certain patterns called smell prints. On the other hand, the MCC-IMS is rather unwieldy and heavy compared to the Cyranose® 320. However, with this analytical method it is possible to classify certain substances out of the samples.
The present dissertation deals with the question of whether an ambient air-independent method for measuring VOCs on biosamples of premature babies is possible using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to multi-capillary columns (MCC-IMS) and Cyranose® 320. After approval of the Ethics Committees of the University Hospitals Homburg and Marburg (HOM: 276/17; MR: 05/17), urine and stool samples of premature infants were collected and analyzed using MCC-IMS and Cyranose® 320. Besides the treatment on the neonatological wards of the Saarland University Hospital, inclusion criteria were a birth weight < 2000 g or a gestational age < 32 weeks as well as written consent of the parents which was also obtained. The statistical evaluation of the MCC-IMS data was performed using the Mann-Whitney-U test and Bonferroni correction, the evaluation of Cyranose® 320 was based on a linear discriminant analysis to determine the Mahalanobis distance (MD) and the cross-validation value (CVV).
VOCs profiles of 133 stool and urine samples from a total of 12 preterm infants were examined. First, the two methods were gradually established. It was possible to optimize the measurement methods to allow stool and urine to be used as sample material. In addition, we conducted systematic control experiments to find optimal storage conditions for the biosamples. We were able to demonstrate that the contents of the diaper (urine / stool) can be classified using the VOCs pattern via MCC-IMS. It was also possible to detect differences between children who received a certain medication and children who did not receive the corresponding medication. Moreover, a distinction could be made between a healthy child and a child suffering from sepsis. The peaks identified by MCC-IMS analysis were compared with a substance database. Four peaks could be assigned to specific substances (2-methylthioethanole, 2-pentyl furane, 2-hexanone and benzonitrile). In the literature, 2-methylthioethanole, 2-pentyl furane and benzonitrile are associated with bacterial metabolites. The presence of the substances 2-hexanone and butanal was associated with septic shock/endotoxic shock. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that Cyranose® 320 can be used as a screening tool for the identification of VOCs profiles, as different excrements and even different individuals could be distinguished from each other based on the “smellprints".
In the project, profiles of volatile organic substances from biosamples of premature infants could be reliably and ambient air-independently determined by MCC-IMS and Cyranose® 320. The results represent an innovative approach to non-invasive diagnostics in neonatology and may be particularly useful in the search for volatile biomarkers in neonatology
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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