1,721,003 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Roles of TRPC6 channels and hyperforin in the homeostasis of zinc in cortical neurons of mice.
No full textLes canaux TRPC6 sont des canaux cationiques non sélectifs perméables au calcium et au sodium. In vitro, ils laissent passer du manganèse, du baryum ou du fer. Ces canaux peuvent être activés par des analogues du diacylglycérol (SAG ou OAG) et par l'hyperforine (un antidépresseur d'origine végétal). Des expériences de dosages par ICP-OES, d'imagerie synchrotron et d'imagerie de fluorescence du FluoZin-3 ont montré que les cellules HEK surexprimant TRPC6 sont enrichies en zinc. Ces cellules sont plus sensibles à un stress oxydant et produisent plus d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène que les cellules HEK non transfectées. Dans les cellules HEK exprimant TRPC6, l'entrée de zinc en réponse au SAG est plus importante que celle observée dans les cellules HEK ou HEK-TRPC3. Les canaux TRPC6 sont exprimés dans les neurones corticaux. En réalisant des expériences d'imagerie de fluorescence et d'électrophysiologie, nous avons observé que l'activation de ces canaux par le SAG ou par l'hyperforine permettait l'entrée de zinc dans les neurones. La taille du pool de zinc fixé sur des protéines à groupement thiols est augmentée après un influx de zinc via TRPC6. Ceux-ci forment donc une voie d'entrée pour ce métal dans les neurones corticaux embryonnaires. Dans certains types cellulaires, les canaux TRPC6 participent à l'entrée calcique déclenchée en réponse à la déplétion du stock calcique du réticulum (canaux SOC). Cependant, dans les neurones corticaux, les voies SOC et activées par l'hyperforine possèdent des propriétés pharmacologiques distinctes suggérant que les canaux TRPC6 ne participent pas à la voie SOC. L'homéostasie des métaux dans les neurones est perturbée par l'hyperforine. Cet antidépresseur diminue la taille des pools de calcium et de zinc des mitochondries à la fois lors de traitements aigus et chroniques. Une relocalisation du zinc est observée dans les neurones traités de façon chronique à l'hyperforine ainsi qu'une augmentation de l'expression des métallothionéines à la fois in vitro et in vivo. Chez la souris, la quantité de soufre du cerveau est augmentée lors un traitement à l'hyperforine. Celle-ci serait donc un antidépresseur qui module les capacités de stockage du zinc en augmentant le nombre de groupements thiols cellulaires. L'hyperforine est présente dans les extraits de millepertuis. Ceux-ci ont diverses cibles pharmacologiques, agissant notamment sur la voie de signalisation du BDNF. Nos expériences montrent que, lors d'un traitement chronique de souris adultes, l'hyperforine augmente l'expression de TrkB et P-TrkB dans le cortex. In vitro, dans les neurones corticaux, TrkB, CREB et P-CREB sont surexprimés après un traitement de trois jours à l'hyperforine. L'inhibition de la PKA ou le blocage des canaux TRPC6 par le SKF-96365 empêche l'effet de l'hyperforine. Par ailleurs, la chélation du calcium par le BAPTA-AM supprime partiellement l'effet de l'hyperforine. Un traitement chronique avec cet extrait végétal semble agir sur une voie dépendante de la PKA et du calcium pour réguler la phosphorylation de CREB et l'expression de TrkB. Nos expériences montrent que l'effet de l'hyperforine sur les acteurs de la voie du BDNF n'est pas présent au niveau de l'hippocampe où l'expression de TrkB n'est pas affectée. De plus, ces traitements n'influencent pas la neurogenèse adulte chez la souris. L'hyperforine seule n'explique donc pas les effets complexes des extraits de millepertuis sur les activités neuronales.TRPC6 channels are non selective plasma membrane cation channels permeable to calcium and sodium. In addition, in vitro data showed that they can transport manganese, barium or iron. These channels can be activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) or DAG analogues like SAG or OAG. They are also sensitive to hyperforin (a plant extract exhibiting antidepressant properties). ICP-OES experiments, X-ray synchrotron imaging and live-cell FluoZin-3 imaging show that the over expression of TRPC6 in HEK cells increases their zinc and sulfur content. This enrichment is associated with an increased sensitivity of transfected cells to oxidative stress by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species in response to oxidative insults. The entry of zinc permitted by SAG or hyperforin is more pronounced in cells over-expressing TRPC6 when compared to HEK or HEK-TRPC3 cells. TRPC6 channels are expressed in cortical neurons. Electrophysiological recordings and experiments with the fluorescent zinc probe FluoZin-3 demonstrated that TRPC6 channels are permeable to zinc in neurons. The size of the 2-2 'dithiodipyridine (DTDP) sensitive pool of zinc is augmented after the entry of this metal through TRPC6. These channels form a zinc entry pathway in cortical neurons. In some cell types, TRPC6 are involved in the mechanism of calcium entry in response to the depletion of intracellular pools of calcium. This calcium entry occurs via store-operated Ca channels (SOC). In our experiments, we have shown that in cortical neurons, hyperforin-sensitive channels and SOC are distinct since they exhibit distinct pharmacological properties. Hyperforin influences the homeostasis of metals in cortical neurons. We found that acute or chronic applications of this antidepressant decreases the size of the mitochondrial pools of calcium and zinc. In addition, in vitro and in vivo data show that a chronic treatment causes a cellular redistribution of zinc, associated with an increased expression of metallothioneins. Furthermore, brains of mice are enriched in sulfur. It seems that this antidepressant influences the zinc storage capacities of brain cells by altering the cellular expression of thiol-containing molecules. Hyperforin is an extract of the medicinal plant St John Worth. This latter one possesses complex properties, acting notably on the BDNF pathway. A chronic treatment with hyperforin increases the expression of TrkB and P-TrkB in the cortex of mice. In cortical neurons, TrkB, CREB and P-CREB are up regulated by a chronic treatment with hyperforin. This process is sensitive to inhibitors of PKA, TRPC6 channels and to the chelator of calcium BAPTA-AM. On the other hand, a chronic treatment with hyperforin does not influence the BDNF pathway in the hippocampus and also does not modulate the adult neurogenesis. Thus, the brain effects of hyperforin are distinct from those induced by the whole St John Worth extract
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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