1,721,081 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
VR as a Persuasive Technology “in the Wild”. The Effect of Immersive VR on Intent to Change Towards Water Conservation
No full textThe combination of VR with the correct psychological mechanism could become a powerful persuasionsystem to stimulate intent to change towards important environmental issues such as water conservation.However, very limited research has been reported on VR usage in this area. Therefore, we conducted abetween-groups study to investigate whether the level of presence felt in a VR environment together with a trigger mechanism such as guilt could spark intent to change towards water conservation. Participants were exposed to a persuasive message about water conservation in one of three conditions: audio only, simple VR and visually rich VR. Forty participants completed the study “in the wild”. The results showed that while intent to change increased in all three groups, both VR groups indicated lower levels of change than the audio only group. Additionally, a positive correlation, albeit small, was found between presence and cued recall along with presence and intent to change. These results furthermore showed that presence could play a role in behavior modification and intent to change
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Virtual spaces for scientific exploration and education : contribution to the apprehension of the Theory of Special Relativity through virtual reality
No full textLa Théorie de la Relativité (TRR), est une théorie particulièrement contre-intuitive dont les implications sont inaccessibles à l'expérience sensible humaine ; ce qui pose un certain nombre de difficultés de compréhension aux étudiants. Cependant, la Réalité Virtuelle (RV) offre une approche intéressante en permettant à un utilisateur d'être immergé et d'interagir dans un monde virtuel où la vitesse de la lumière est ramenée à 1 m/s. Les phénomènes relativistes deviennent ainsi directement accessibles par ses sens. Cette caractéristique, point départ de nos travaux, permet alors d’appréhender les phénomènes relativistes par une expérience « par la pratique ». L'enjeu de notre travail porte plus précisément sur la définition de moyens et de méthodes intégrés dans une plate-forme immersive permettant d'appréhender les phénomènes relativistes. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons, tout d’abord, des méthodes novatrices pour simuler les phénomènes relativistes sur un nombre quelconque d'objets en mouvement arbitraire et tenant compte de la dynamique relativiste des objets dans la scène, notamment durant leurs interactions. Nous nous focalisons sur les effets qui déforment les objets vus par l'observateur, à savoir le délai de propagation des photons, la relativité des longueurs et l'effet d'aberration. Nous définissons ensuite des méthodes pour intégrer une simulation relativiste dans un environnement immersif basé intrinsèquement sur un monde newtonien. Nous proposons également une plate-forme expérimentale dans laquelle sont intégrées des méthodes d'interaction utilisées pour mettre en scène un « jeu sérieux », ici un billard relativiste. Enfin, nous démontrons la portée de notre outil expérimental par deux voies : l'une concerne l'utilisation de l'application dans des évaluations de didactique et l'autre concerne un exemple d'extension de l'outil pour mettre en lumière un autre aspect de la Physique relativiste : la relation entre vitesse et énergie.The Theory of Special Relativity (TSR) is a particularly counterintuitive theory. Its implications are, by nature, out of reach by human experience. Therefore we cannot perceive its effects directly, thus raising problems of comprehension for the students confronted to it. However, Virtual Reality (VR) enables us to overcome this limitation by immersing a user into a world where the velocity of light is reduced to 1 m/s. As a result, the relativistic phenomena become directly perceivable through our senses. This possibility, which is the cornerstone of our work, brings a unique way to apprehend the relativistic phenomenon trough a "hands-on" experiment.In this context, we propose, first, innovative methods to include relativistic effects in simulation containing any number of objects moving in an arbitrary direction and velocity and taking into account the relativistic dynamics of the objects, including object-to-object interaction. We focused on the relativistic phenomenon involved in the deformation of objects: the delay of propagation of the photons from the light source to the observer, as well as the relativity of length and the aberration of light. We describe, second, methods to integrate the simulation techniques, previously introduced, into an immersive environment intrinsically based on Newtonian physics. We also provide interaction methods and a concrete application in a serious game framework: a relativistic carom billiard. Finally, we demonstrate the possibilities of our platform are demonstrated in two ways: one tackles usage in the context of learning evaluation and the other is an extension of the tool to access new pieces of information relevant to TSR, such as the force profile used to launch an object with a relativistic velocity
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Model for immersive and intuitive design : application to the automotive industry
No full textCette thèse traite de l’utilisation des technologies de Réalité Virtuelle (RV) dans les activités de Conception Assistée par Ordinateur (CAO). Plus précisément, les travaux de recherche portent sur une approche pour la modification directe et interactive d’objets CAO, notamment adaptée aux processus de conception en industrie. Généralement, les logiciels de CAO requièrent des compétences (expérience et connaissance), à la fois sur les fonctionnalités même du logiciel et les représentations utilisées, ainsi que sur les objets CAO concernés (principalement sur leur historique de construction, savoir de quelle façon ils ont été construits). D’un autre coté, la RV apporte de nouveaux paradigmes d’interaction 3d, tels que l’immersion et la perception multi-sensorimotrice (stéréoscopie, audio 3d, haptique, etc.), et il apparaît nécessaire de disposer de middleware intelligents pour gérer les objets CAO dans ces Environnements Virtuels (EV) immersifs. De précédents travaux ont proposé un mécanisme d’édition implicite d’objets CAO permettant la modification du Graphe d’Historique de Construction (GHC) de ces objets à partir de la manipulation de la représentation visuelle 3d de ces objets. Basé sur un processus d’étiquetage des éléments de frontière (B-Rep), et couplé avec un moteur d’inférence, ce mécanisme décrit un chaînage arrière entre ces éléments de frontières et les opérateurs d’un GHC. Cependant, cette approche avait pour limite majeure de proposer un modèle particulier de GHC, ce qui l’empêchait d’être intégrée à des systèmes CAO fermés ou commerciaux tels que ceux utilisés dans l’industrie et en particulier l’industrie automobile. Notre première contribution consiste donc en la proposition d’un modèle et d’une architecture permettant de généraliser ce mécanisme de chaînage arrière à n’importe quel système CAO basé sur les représentations de type B-Rep et GHC. Pour ce faire, nous avons spécifié plusieurs structures d’encapsulation pour la gestion des opérateurs du GHC ainsi que de leurs paramètres, et des composants de B-Rep. Deuxièmement, le précédent étiquetage, désormais attaché à ces structures d’encapsulation et non plus aux éléments de B-Rep directement, a été étendu pour permettre un chaînage arrière multiple. Certains éléments de frontières peuvent en effet être le résultat de plusieurs opérateurs du GHC, être liés à plusieurs éléments "parents", et ainsi plusieurs décisions peuvent être inférées à partir de leur manipulation. Ces avancées rendent possible la modification directe et intuitive d’objets CAO déjà existants (i.e. via le parcours et l’analyse de base de données CAO précédemment créées), en analysant leur GHC et en remplissant nos structures avec les données nécessaires. De plus, le mécanisme de chaînage arrière multiple renforce la capacité du moteur d’inférence, à libérer les utilisateurs, et spécialement les non-experts, de connaissances trop complexes à propos des modèles CAO. Comme preuve de concept de notre modèle, nous présentons un exemple détaillé de notre approche sur le noyau géométrique de CATIA et montrons comment notre modèle permet d’envisager un nouveau concept d’interaction en revue de projet immersive : permettre aux participants de modifier directement les modèles CAO sans quelque interaction sur station de travail.This thesis addresses the use of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in the activities of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). More precisely, this research focuses on an approach for direct and interactive modifications of CAD objects, an approach which might be adapted to the conception process in industry. Usually, CAD software requires some skills (experience and knowledge), on the software’s functionalities and representations, as well as on CAD objects (principally on their design history, on the way they were built). Moreover, VR technologies bring new interactive paradigms of 3D interaction, such as immersion and multi-sensorimotor perception stereoscopy, 3D audio, haptics, and so on), and one needs intelligent middleware to manage CAD objects in these immersive Virtual Environments (VE). Some previous work proposed a mechanism allowing implicit edition of CAD objects, from the manipulation of their 3D visual representations. Based on a technique of Boundary Representations (B-Rep) elements labelling, and coupled with an inference engine, this mechanism describes a backward chaining of B-Rep elements towards the operators of a dedicated model of Constructive History Graphs (CHG). However, this approach had a major limitation: since it was based on a specific model of CHG, its integration within commercial CAD softwares used in industry (and especially in automotive industry) was far from obvious. Our first contribution is then to propose a data model and an architecture to generalize this backward chaining mechanism to any of CAD system based on B-Rep and CHG representations. In order to do that, we have designed several encapsulations structures, to manage CHG operators and their parameters, and the B-Rep components. Secondly, the previous labelling, now attached to these structures, has been extended to enable a multi backward chaining. Actually, some B-Rep elements may be the result of several CHG operators, and thus, several decisions may be inferred from their manipulation. These improvements make possible to have direct and interactive modifications of existing CAD objects by parsing their CHG to fill our structures with useful data. Moreover, the multi backward chaining mechanism reinforces the ability of the inference engine to free users, especially non-expert ones, from too complex understandings on CAD models. As a proof of concept of our model, we present an detailed example of our approach on the geometric kernel of CATIA and we show how one can consider new concepts of interaction during immersive project reviews: to allow participants to directly modify CAD objects without any interaction on desktop workstation
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