1,721,058 research outputs found
The Mountain of Precious Stones Essays in Social Anthropology
No full textInternational audienceThis work brings together scientific articles written by the author that have been published in various international reviews, expired collective books or unpublished documents, not all of which are easily accessible either in Cambodia or in Western countries. The decision to compile these works in this formal edition in English was taken in view of the absence of easily accessible documentary material for those who want to know more about Cambodian heritage related to the indigenous populations. An academic perspective is preserved.The knowledge that emerged and is presented here reflects what can be called part of the cultural memory of the indigenous populations, specifically the Tampuan of Ratanakiri. This does not mean however that these ethnographic data are confined to a static and forgotten history with no link to the current dynamic situation. A proper understanding of the social dynamic is needed if we are to know how and under what circumstances vernacular societies may be in a position to negotiate with outsiders and various development actors who interact with them. Whatever the purposes and the objectives of the projects and their numerous implementation strategies, a prerequisite is to understand before acting
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Imbalanced Making of Manhood and Womanhood in the Fight against the Aids Epidemic in the Northern Part of Brazil
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate how and under which circumstances women’s vulnerability to STD/AIDS1 in the Brazilian State of Pará (North Amazon), and more generally the concept of women’s vulnerability as a whole, derive from a social construction having its roots in the medico-epidemiological views as well as in popular representation. The present paper does not focus on the present-day situation in 2008-2009 (which is nevertheless a consequence of what happened ten years ago) but rather insists on a crucial period (end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century) when health policies switch to a new-fangled gender paradigm with both mothers and single women at the heart of the preoccupation, and program implementations adjusted to this dualistic female component. Under these circumstances, the author of these lines questions subsequent conventional models of categorization which are organized from a « sexual membership » in times of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Such models of categorization tend in fine to generate disequilibrium for the implication of all actors (both men and women) at the expense of a more concerted action among the two sexes liable to generate benefit to both of them. Finally, this « pro-feminist » tendency tends to produce an understanding of the epidemic which does not take into account most of the socio-cultural and political aspects of Amazonian society. In that respect the paper intends to deconstruct the simplistic gender-biased representation of women who are introduced as being either like this (a mother) or like that (a highly sexually active single person). Those two opposite and extremist figures emerged at the apex of the epidemic for unscientific reasons in so far as no systematic research has demonstrated the exclusivity of this dualistic trend in society. On the contrary, one has to take into account the diversity, the flexibility, the complexity and the plurality of situations in which women from different social backgrounds interact with men, and under various logics
The Imbalanced Making of Manhood and Womanhood in the Fight against the Aids Epidemic in the Northern Part of Brazil
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate how and under which circumstances women’s vulnerability to STD/AIDS1 in the Brazilian State of Pará (North Amazon), and more generally the concept of women’s vulnerability as a whole, derive from a social construction having its roots in the medico-epidemiological views as well as in popular representation. The present paper does not focus on the present-day situation in 2008-2009 (which is nevertheless a consequence of what happened ten years ago) but rather insists on a crucial period (end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century) when health policies switch to a new-fangled gender paradigm with both mothers and single women at the heart of the preoccupation, and program implementations adjusted to this dualistic female component. Under these circumstances, the author of these lines questions subsequent conventional models of categorization which are organized from a « sexual membership » in times of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Such models of categorization tend in fine to generate disequilibrium for the implication of all actors (both men and women) at the expense of a more concerted action among the two sexes liable to generate benefit to both of them. Finally, this « pro-feminist » tendency tends to produce an understanding of the epidemic which does not take into account most of the socio-cultural and political aspects of Amazonian society. In that respect the paper intends to deconstruct the simplistic gender-biased representation of women who are introduced as being either like this (a mother) or like that (a highly sexually active single person). Those two opposite and extremist figures emerged at the apex of the epidemic for unscientific reasons in so far as no systematic research has demonstrated the exclusivity of this dualistic trend in society. On the contrary, one has to take into account the diversity, the flexibility, the complexity and the plurality of situations in which women from different social backgrounds interact with men, and under various logics
Preface to the book:Frédéric Bourdier (ed.) “Development and Dominion”, Bangkok, 2009, White Lotus, 15 p.
No full textInternational audienceEvery author, whether an academic or a development specialist, has a rationale for organizing a collective book that follows a specific orientation. Usually the reasons underlying a writer’s motivations are not clearly expressed. They are frequently excluded as if considered superficial, irrelevant or as an unacceptable intrusion into the private life of the writer that serves to detract from a more objective scientific analysis of the issue under investigation. On the contrary I feel that the articulation of an author’s personal rationale can assist the reader to understand why a particular approach has been taken and why, in the case of this book, it was decided to lay emphasis on the often detrimental and unseen impacts of development and not on its perceived successes as has been extolled in many other enthusiastic books. I could have decided, along with all the contributors participating in this book, to have introduced the policies and politics of development as an unavoidable reality that is essential to the improvement of human beings and their societies. I could have raised issues about the drawbacks of development associated with faulty implementation and methodologies that nevertheless can be solved. In other words, I could have proposed a politically correct version of development analysis. But the evidence collected on the impacts of development in the provinces of Cambodia inhabited by indigenous people tends to prove the contrary. Colleagues who have been working in Lao PDR and Vietnam have also come to the same conclusions. As an anthropologist I feel a scientific duty therefore to investigate the process and impacts of development that is evidently contributing not to an improvement but to a decline in the quality of life for indigenous peoples. I have therefore decided to reject the more cautious methodological approach that stipulates development, as it is practiced, is nonetheless legitimate and necessary and that only a constructive analysis should be welcome
Preface to the book:Frédéric Bourdier (ed.) “Development and Dominion”, Bangkok, 2009, White Lotus, 15 p.
No full textInternational audienceEvery author, whether an academic or a development specialist, has a rationale for organizing a collective book that follows a specific orientation. Usually the reasons underlying a writer’s motivations are not clearly expressed. They are frequently excluded as if considered superficial, irrelevant or as an unacceptable intrusion into the private life of the writer that serves to detract from a more objective scientific analysis of the issue under investigation. On the contrary I feel that the articulation of an author’s personal rationale can assist the reader to understand why a particular approach has been taken and why, in the case of this book, it was decided to lay emphasis on the often detrimental and unseen impacts of development and not on its perceived successes as has been extolled in many other enthusiastic books. I could have decided, along with all the contributors participating in this book, to have introduced the policies and politics of development as an unavoidable reality that is essential to the improvement of human beings and their societies. I could have raised issues about the drawbacks of development associated with faulty implementation and methodologies that nevertheless can be solved. In other words, I could have proposed a politically correct version of development analysis. But the evidence collected on the impacts of development in the provinces of Cambodia inhabited by indigenous people tends to prove the contrary. Colleagues who have been working in Lao PDR and Vietnam have also come to the same conclusions. As an anthropologist I feel a scientific duty therefore to investigate the process and impacts of development that is evidently contributing not to an improvement but to a decline in the quality of life for indigenous peoples. I have therefore decided to reject the more cautious methodological approach that stipulates development, as it is practiced, is nonetheless legitimate and necessary and that only a constructive analysis should be welcome
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
