1,720,955 research outputs found
Nerve sheath tumor with degenerative atypia and multivacuolated lipoblasts
No full textLipoblastic nerve sheath tumor is a recently described benign soft tissue tumor consisting of lipoblasts in a neural-schwannian background. The 6 reported cases have exclusively comprised signet ring lipoblasts and showed no cellular atypia. The authors describe the first lipoblastic nerve sheath tumor to harbor multivacuolated lipoblasts and degenerative atypia, underscoring its important differential diagnosis with well-differentiated liposarcoma. The purpose of this report is to expand the morphologic spectrum of this unusual neoplasm, and reemphasize the potential of benign nonadipocytic tumors to harbor multivacuolated lipoblasts and mimic liposarcoma. © 2012 The Author(s).Ayad T, 2007, EUR ARCH OTO-RHINO-L, V264, P93, DOI 10.1007-s00405-006-0119-6; Ceballos KM, 1999, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V123, P941; Chen E, 2010, AM J SURG PATHOL, V34, P707, DOI 10.1097-PAS.0b013e3181d74bdb; Coffin CM, 2009, AM J SURG PATHOL, V33, P1705, DOI 10.1097-PAS.0b013e3181b76462; Dei Tos Angelo P., 1994, American Journal of Surgical Pathology, V18, P913, DOI 10.1097-00000478-199409000-00006; Fukunaga M, 1998, PATHOL INT, V48, P562, DOI 10.1111-j.1440-1827.1998.tb03950.x; Hornick JL, 2004, AM J SURG PATHOL, V28, P1257, DOI 10.1097-01.pas.0000135524.73447.4a; Khalifa MA, 2000, AM J CLIN PATHOL, V114, P123; Lae ME, 2002, HISTOPATHOLOGY, V40, P505, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2559.2002.01409.x; Mentzel T, 2010, MODERN PATHOL, V23, P729, DOI 10.1038-modpathol.2010.66; Plaza JA, 2006, AM J SURG PATHOL, V30, P337; Vecchio G M, 2010, Pathologica, V102, P108; Weiss SW, 2008, ENZINGER WEISSS SOFT; Weiss S W, 1996, Monogr Pathol, V38, P2070
Differential Diagnosis of Proliferative Breast Lesions
No full textThe correct diagnosis of proliferations within the mammary terminal duct-lobular unit has paramount prognostic and therapeutic implications. Occasionally, the differential diagnosis of compact florid hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ can be quite challenging, with seeming morphologic overlap. This article presents s conceptual and practical understanding of these processes and their impact on subsequent cancer risk, with the intention of assisting the practicing pathologist render accurate and clinically relevant diagnoses for this frequently encountered set of mammary epithelial lesions. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Indeterminate and Erroneous Fine-Needle Aspirates of Breast with Focus on the 'True Gray Zone': A Review
No full textObjective: To review our experience and the literature on inconclusive-erroneous fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of breast with the focus on the 'true gray zone'. To describe the cytology, differential diagnosis, pitfalls and limitations of common and rare lesions. Study Design: We conducted a literature search focusing on breast FNAs with statistical data of C3 and C4 categories including false-positive and false-negative cases. Similar data from 2003 to 2009 was obtained from our institution. Results: C3 and C4 categories account for 3-17percent of breast FNAs. Contributing factors are technical difficulties, inexperienced pathologists interpreting FNAs of breast and overlap of cytologic features of certain benign and malignant conditions; this last, 'true gray zone' accounts for 2percent of cases. Fibroadenoma, proliferative breast lesions, gynecomastia, infiltrating and in situ low-grade adenocarcinomas and tubular, cribriform, lobular and mucinous carcinomas are the most common problematic lesions. Granular cell tumor, adenomyoepithelioma, pregnancy-related lesions, fat necrosis, inflammatory and radiation changes, adenoid cystic carcinoma, spindle-cell lesions and Phyllodes tumor are less common. Conclusion: Inconclusive-erroneous FNAs of breast due to the 'true gray zone' are rare. Most are due to the overlapping cytologic features of some benign and malignant conditions. Practical features that may help arrive at the correct diagnoses are elucidated. Copyright © 2013 S. 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Variability in hormone and growth factor receptor expression in primary versus recurrent, metastatic, and post-neoadjuvant breast carcinoma
No full textThe introduction of selective molecular targeted therapy, specifically tamoxifen and trastuzumab, has significantly altered the clinical behavior of breast carcinoma. Several questions remain, however, regarding potential phenotypic drifts in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2-neu) expression between the primary and metastatic site. Whether patients should be tested for ER, PR, and Her-2-neu expression in the nodal or distant metastatic site, local recurrence and following neoadjuvant therapy, and whether this has an effect on prognosis remains elusive. A review of 45 studies addressing ER, PR, and Her-2-neu expression in lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, local recurrence, and post-neoadjuvant therapy revealed the following average phenotypic drift in ER, PR, and Her-2-neu expression, respectively: 13.1 percent (median = 10.0 percent), 13.8 percent (median = 16.0 percent), and 7.7 percent (median = 5.0 percent) for lymph node metastasis; 21.8 percent (median = 19.5 percent), 30.8 percent (median = 33.5 percent), and 7.6 percent (median = 6.1 percent) for distant metastasis; 19.8 percent (median = 13.4 percent), 27.1 percent (median = 28.6 percent), and 6.6 percent (median = 1.6 percent) for local recurrence; and 12.9 percent (median = 8.0 percent), 32.0 percent (median = 20.0 percent), and 8.9 percent (median = 0 percent) post-neoadjuvant therapy. The above findings support the notion of re-evaluating ER, PR, and Her-2-neu expression in distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and to a lesser extent local recurrence. 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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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