596 research outputs found
Proxenoi e asylia nei Symbola di Gauthier
Get PDFIn the framework of a re-examination of Symbola, the volume dedicated by Gauthier to foreigners and justice, the author of this essay focuses his attention on chapter I, in particular on the figure and role of the proxenos (taking into account the main opinions subsequently expressed in literature), and on chapter V, in particular on the role of protection of the foreigner ensured by the grants of asylia. To clarify the scope of this privilege, it was deemed useful to compare the traditional way of understanding the sylai, i.e. the ‘saisies’ in Gauthier’s language, with the critique of this opinion carried out by B. Bravo in 1980. At the end of his analysis, the author holds the view that many of the research directions on these topics indicated by Gauthier, deserve to be taken into serious consideration by those who wish to continue the study of relations between citizens and foreigners in the Greek world.Nel quadro di un riesame di Symbola, il volume dedicato da Gauthier agli stranieri e la giustizia, l’autore del presente saggio concentra la sua attenzione, da un lato, sul capitolo I, in particolare sulla figura e sul ruolo del proxenos (tenendo conto delle principali opinioni espresse successivamente in dottrina), dall’altro, sul capitolo V, in particolare sul ruolo di protezione dello straniero assicurato dalle concessioni di asylia. Per chiarire la portata di tale privilegio si è ritenuto utile mettere a confronto il modo tradizionale di intendere le sylai, ossia le ‘saisies’ nel linguaggio di Gauthier, con la critica che di tale opinione ha svolto B. Bravo nel 1980. Si è potuto così constatare che molte delle direzioni di ricerca su questi argomenti, indicate da Gauthier, meritano di essere prese in seria considerazione da chi voglia approfondire in generale i rapporti fra cittadini e stranieri nel mondo greco
Uncertainties and motion management in lung radiotherapy : From photons to ions
No full textCette thèse porte sur la prise en compte des incertitudes et du mouvement dans le traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires en radiothérapie, que ce soit par photons, par protons ou par ions légers (hadronthérapie). L’accent est mis sur les méthodes de prise en compte du mouvement dites "passives". Ces méthodes, ne nécessitant pas d’asservissement respiratoire pour la délivrance de la dose, sont moins lourdes à mettre en place, et limitent l’introduction de nouvelles sources d’incertitudes. Des contributions cliniques et méthodologiques sont proposées. Tout d’abord, l’imagerie tomodensitométrique (TDM) pour la planification des traitements doit faire l’objet d’une attention particulière dans le cas de tumeurs soumises aux mouvements respiratoires. Nous avons évalué l’influence de la présence d’artéfacts de mouvements dans les images TDM sur la qualité de la planification. Nous avons également proposé des méthodologies et des recommandations pour l’optimisation des paramètres d’acquisition ainsi qu’un algorithme original de détection automatique des artéfacts dans les images TDM 4D. L’une des principales sources d’incertitudes lors de la planification de traitements en radiothérapie concerne la délinéation des volumes cibles. Nous avons évalué la variabilité inter-observateur de délinéation du volume cible macroscopique (GTV) et du volume cible interne (ITV) via une méthode originale permettant de l’intégrer dans le calcul des marges de sécurité. La réduction des incertitudes dues au mouvement respiratoire peut être réalisée en associant au système de contention une compression abdominale afin de limiter l’amplitude du mouvement respiratoire. Nous avons proposé une étude visant à évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation d’un tel système en fonction de la localisation dans le poumon. En radiothérapie par photons, une stratégie appelée mid-position consiste à irradier la tumeur dans sa position moyenne pondérée dans le temps et permet de réduire les marges par rapport à une stratégie ITV tout en conservant une couverture dosimétrique correcte. Une partie du travail de la thèse a consisté à participer à l’élaboration d’une étude clinique visant à comparer les deux stratégies, ITV et mid-position. Dans la plupart des cas, le mouvement respiratoire a une distribution de probabilité non-gaussienne et asymétrique, pouvant invalider la recette de calcul de marges de van Herk pour des mouvements tumoraux fortement asymétriques et de grande amplitude. Nous avons proposé un modèle numérique afin de prendre en compte cette asymétrie. Enfin, la prise en compte du mouvement respiratoire en hadronthérapie par des marges de sécurité doit faire l’objet de considérations spécifiques, en particulier en raison de la sensibilité du dépôt de dose aux variations de densité sur la trajectoire du faisceau. Dans une dernière partie, la définition des marges de sécurité pour prendre en compte le mouvement respiratoire de manière optimale est discutée.This PhD thesis focuses on the uncertainties and motion management in lung radiation therapy and particle therapy. Passive motion management techniques are considered. They consist in delivering the dose without any respiratory beam monitoring which may be difficult to set up or may introduce additional uncertainties. Clinical and methodological contributions about different treatment steps are proposed. First of all, computed tomography (CT) images for treatment planning must be carefully acquired in the presence of respiration-induced tumor motion. We assessed the impact of motion artifacts on the quality of treatment planning. We also proposed methodologies and recommendations about the optimization of 4D-CT acquisition parameters and an original method for automated motion artifact detection in 4D-CT images. Target delineation introduces one of the main source of uncertainties during radiation therapy treatment planning. We quantified inter-observer variations in the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the internal target volume (ITV) using an original method in order to incorporate them in margin calculation. Reduction of motion uncertainties can be achieved by combining an abdominal pressure device with the immobilization system to reduce the amplitude of respiratory motion. We proposed a study to evaluate the usefulness of such a device according to the tumor location within the lung. Delivering the dose to the ITV implies an important exposure of healthy tissues along the tumor trajectory. An alternative strategy consists in irradiating the tumor in its time-averaged mean position, the mid-position. Margins are reduced compared with an ITV-based strategy while maintaining a correct tumor coverage. One part of the work consisted in participating in the implementation of a clinical trial in photon radiation therapy to compare the two strategies, ITV and mid-position. In the margin recipe proposed by van Herk, a Gaussian distribution of all combined errors is assumed. In most cases, respiratory motion has an asymmetric non-Gaussian distribution and the assumption may not be valid for strongly asymmetric tumor motions with a large amplitude. We proposed a numerical population-based model to incorporate asymmetry and non-Gaussianity of respiratory motion in margin calculation. Finally, when taking respiratory motion into account in particle therapy with safety margins, one must consider various parameters, particularly the dose deposit sensitivity to density variations. The last part is dedicated to a discussion on the defining of safety margins in order to optimally take into account respiratory motion
Incertitudes et mouvement dans le traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires : De la radiothérapie à l’hadronthérapie
Get PDFThis PhD thesis focuses on the uncertainties and motion management in lung radiation therapy and particle therapy. Passive motion management techniques are considered. They consist in delivering the dose without any respiratory beam monitoring which may be difficult to set up or may introduce additional uncertainties. Clinical and methodological contributions about different treatment steps are proposed. First of all, computed tomography (CT) images for treatment planning must be carefully acquired in the presence of respiration-induced tumor motion. We assessed the impact of motion artifacts on the quality of treatment planning. We also proposed methodologies and recommendations about the optimization of 4D-CT acquisition parameters and an original method for automated motion artifact detection in 4D-CT images. Target delineation introduces one of the main source of uncertainties during radiation therapy treatment planning. We quantified inter-observer variations in the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the internal target volume (ITV) using an original method in order to incorporate them in margin calculation. Reduction of motion uncertainties can be achieved by combining an abdominal pressure device with the immobilization system to reduce the amplitude of respiratory motion. We proposed a study to evaluate the usefulness of such a device according to the tumor location within the lung. Delivering the dose to the ITV implies an important exposure of healthy tissues along the tumor trajectory. An alternative strategy consists in irradiating the tumor in its time-averaged mean position, the mid-position. Margins are reduced compared with an ITV-based strategy while maintaining a correct tumor coverage. One part of the work consisted in participating in the implementation of a clinical trial in photon radiation therapy to compare the two strategies, ITV and mid-position. In the margin recipe proposed by van Herk, a Gaussian distribution of all combined errors is assumed. In most cases, respiratory motion has an asymmetric non-Gaussian distribution and the assumption may not be valid for strongly asymmetric tumor motions with a large amplitude. We proposed a numerical population-based model to incorporate asymmetry and non-Gaussianity of respiratory motion in margin calculation. Finally, when taking respiratory motion into account in particle therapy with safety margins, one must consider various parameters, particularly the dose deposit sensitivity to density variations. The last part is dedicated to a discussion on the defining of safety margins in order to optimally take into account respiratory motion.Cette thèse porte sur la prise en compte des incertitudes et du mouvement dans le traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires en radiothérapie, que ce soit par photons, par protons ou par ions légers (hadronthérapie). L’accent est mis sur les méthodes de prise en compte du mouvement dites "passives". Ces méthodes, ne nécessitant pas d’asservissement respiratoire pour la délivrance de la dose, sont moins lourdes à mettre en place, et limitent l’introduction de nouvelles sources d’incertitudes. Des contributions cliniques et méthodologiques sont proposées. Tout d’abord, l’imagerie tomodensitométrique (TDM) pour la planification des traitements doit faire l’objet d’une attention particulière dans le cas de tumeurs soumises aux mouvements respiratoires. Nous avons évalué l’influence de la présence d’artéfacts de mouvements dans les images TDM sur la qualité de la planification. Nous avons également proposé des méthodologies et des recommandations pour l’optimisation des paramètres d’acquisition ainsi qu’un algorithme original de détection automatique des artéfacts dans les images TDM 4D. L’une des principales sources d’incertitudes lors de la planification de traitements en radiothérapie concerne la délinéation des volumes cibles. Nous avons évalué la variabilité inter-observateur de délinéation du volume cible macroscopique (GTV) et du volume cible interne (ITV) via une méthode originale permettant de l’intégrer dans le calcul des marges de sécurité. La réduction des incertitudes dues au mouvement respiratoire peut être réalisée en associant au système de contention une compression abdominale afin de limiter l’amplitude du mouvement respiratoire. Nous avons proposé une étude visant à évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation d’un tel système en fonction de la localisation dans le poumon. En radiothérapie par photons, une stratégie appelée mid-position consiste à irradier la tumeur dans sa position moyenne pondérée dans le temps et permet de réduire les marges par rapport à une stratégie ITV tout en conservant une couverture dosimétrique correcte. Une partie du travail de la thèse a consisté à participer à l’élaboration d’une étude clinique visant à comparer les deux stratégies, ITV et mid-position. Dans la plupart des cas, le mouvement respiratoire a une distribution de probabilité non-gaussienne et asymétrique, pouvant invalider la recette de calcul de marges de van Herk pour des mouvements tumoraux fortement asymétriques et de grande amplitude. Nous avons proposé un modèle numérique afin de prendre en compte cette asymétrie. Enfin, la prise en compte du mouvement respiratoire en hadronthérapie par des marges de sécurité doit faire l’objet de considérations spécifiques, en particulier en raison de la sensibilité du dépôt de dose aux variations de densité sur la trajectoire du faisceau. Dans une dernière partie, la définition des marges de sécurité pour prendre en compte le mouvement respiratoire de manière optimale est discutée
Incertitudes et mouvement dans le traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires : De la radiothérapie à l’hadronthérapie
No full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the uncertainties and motion management in lung radiation therapy and particle therapy. Passive motion management techniques are considered. They consist in delivering the dose without any respiratory beam monitoring which may be difficult to set up or may introduce additional uncertainties. Clinical and methodological contributions about different treatment steps are proposed. First of all, computed tomography (CT) images for treatment planning must be carefully acquired in the presence of respiration-induced tumor motion. We assessed the impact of motion artifacts on the quality of treatment planning. We also proposed methodologies and recommendations about the optimization of 4D-CT acquisition parameters and an original method for automated motion artifact detection in 4D-CT images. Target delineation introduces one of the main source of uncertainties during radiation therapy treatment planning. We quantified inter-observer variations in the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the internal target volume (ITV) using an original method in order to incorporate them in margin calculation. Reduction of motion uncertainties can be achieved by combining an abdominal pressure device with the immobilization system to reduce the amplitude of respiratory motion. We proposed a study to evaluate the usefulness of such a device according to the tumor location within the lung. Delivering the dose to the ITV implies an important exposure of healthy tissues along the tumor trajectory. An alternative strategy consists in irradiating the tumor in its time-averaged mean position, the mid-position. Margins are reduced compared with an ITV-based strategy while maintaining a correct tumor coverage. One part of the work consisted in participating in the implementation of a clinical trial in photon radiation therapy to compare the two strategies, ITV and mid-position. In the margin recipe proposed by van Herk, a Gaussian distribution of all combined errors is assumed. In most cases, respiratory motion has an asymmetric non-Gaussian distribution and the assumption may not be valid for strongly asymmetric tumor motions with a large amplitude. We proposed a numerical population-based model to incorporate asymmetry and non-Gaussianity of respiratory motion in margin calculation. Finally, when taking respiratory motion into account in particle therapy with safety margins, one must consider various parameters, particularly the dose deposit sensitivity to density variations. The last part is dedicated to a discussion on the defining of safety margins in order to optimally take into account respiratory motion.Cette thèse porte sur la prise en compte des incertitudes et du mouvement dans le traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires en radiothérapie, que ce soit par photons, par protons ou par ions légers (hadronthérapie). L’accent est mis sur les méthodes de prise en compte du mouvement dites "passives". Ces méthodes, ne nécessitant pas d’asservissement respiratoire pour la délivrance de la dose, sont moins lourdes à mettre en place, et limitent l’introduction de nouvelles sources d’incertitudes. Des contributions cliniques et méthodologiques sont proposées. Tout d’abord, l’imagerie tomodensitométrique (TDM) pour la planification des traitements doit faire l’objet d’une attention particulière dans le cas de tumeurs soumises aux mouvements respiratoires. Nous avons évalué l’influence de la présence d’artéfacts de mouvements dans les images TDM sur la qualité de la planification. Nous avons également proposé des méthodologies et des recommandations pour l’optimisation des paramètres d’acquisition ainsi qu’un algorithme original de détection automatique des artéfacts dans les images TDM 4D. L’une des principales sources d’incertitudes lors de la planification de traitements en radiothérapie concerne la délinéation des volumes cibles. Nous avons évalué la variabilité inter-observateur de délinéation du volume cible macroscopique (GTV) et du volume cible interne (ITV) via une méthode originale permettant de l’intégrer dans le calcul des marges de sécurité. La réduction des incertitudes dues au mouvement respiratoire peut être réalisée en associant au système de contention une compression abdominale afin de limiter l’amplitude du mouvement respiratoire. Nous avons proposé une étude visant à évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation d’un tel système en fonction de la localisation dans le poumon. En radiothérapie par photons, une stratégie appelée mid-position consiste à irradier la tumeur dans sa position moyenne pondérée dans le temps et permet de réduire les marges par rapport à une stratégie ITV tout en conservant une couverture dosimétrique correcte. Une partie du travail de la thèse a consisté à participer à l’élaboration d’une étude clinique visant à comparer les deux stratégies, ITV et mid-position. Dans la plupart des cas, le mouvement respiratoire a une distribution de probabilité non-gaussienne et asymétrique, pouvant invalider la recette de calcul de marges de van Herk pour des mouvements tumoraux fortement asymétriques et de grande amplitude. Nous avons proposé un modèle numérique afin de prendre en compte cette asymétrie. Enfin, la prise en compte du mouvement respiratoire en hadronthérapie par des marges de sécurité doit faire l’objet de considérations spécifiques, en particulier en raison de la sensibilité du dépôt de dose aux variations de densité sur la trajectoire du faisceau. Dans une dernière partie, la définition des marges de sécurité pour prendre en compte le mouvement respiratoire de manière optimale est discutée
L\u27Irlande de Georges Dor, Jacques Ferron et Louis Gauthier
No full textDans ce travail, l\u27auteur étudie trois romans d\u27auteurs québécois et aborde les liens qu\u27ils établissent entre l\u27Irlande et le Québec. L\u27étude s\u27intéressa aux rapprochements que l\u27on peut établir entre ces deux territoires et la manière dont ils sont représentés dans la littérature de Georges Dor, Jacques Ferron et Louis Gauthier et plus particulièrement dans les romans : Le fils de l\u27Irlandais, Le salut de l\u27Irlande et Voyage en Irlande avec un parapluie.
In this thesis, the author studies three books of Québécois authors and discusses the links that each one makes between Ireland and Quebec. This study looks at the relations that can be established between these two territories and the style in which they are represented in the works of Georges Dor, Jacques Ferron and Louis Gauthier, specifically in the books: Le fils de l\u27Irlandais, Le salut de l\u27Irlande and Voyage en Irlande avec un parapluie
Guerre du blé, guerre du droit
No full textWhat the historiography of the French Revolution as forgotten is the reflexion on the rights of men, the first of which is the one which guarantees life. Against an economist and determinist vision, the author re-estimates the place of the peasantry in the process of liberation of 1789.Gauthier Florence, EspaceTemps. Guerre du blé, guerre du droit. In: Espaces Temps, 38-39, 1988. Concevoir la révolution. 89, 68, confrontations. pp. 113-114
The contextual database of the generations and gender program in Bulgaria: conceptual framework and an overview of the Bulgarian context concerning the central database topics
Get PDFThis paper outlines the concept and content of the Contextual Database of the international Generations and Gender Program and gives an overview of the context of demographic behavior in Bulgaria. The Contextual Database provides an instrument that together with the Generations and Gender Survey allows studying how differences in context shape demographic processes. The database offers the opportunity to analyze in a comparative way the interaction between the micro and macro dimension. Bulgaria is among the first countries fielding the Generations and Gender Survey and that is engaged in contextual data collection within this comparative framework. While both micro- and contextual data for Bulgaria will become available in the course of the year 2005, we present in this paper a text contribution that provides an overview of the Bulgarian context and introduces the list of variables that make up the database.Bulgaria, data collection
RabbitStamp Test Sequence
No full text# RabbitStamp sequence by LISA ULB
The test sequence "RabbitStamp" is provided by Sarah Fachada, Yupeng Xie, Daniele Bonatto, Gauthier Lafruit, Mehrdad Teratani, members of the LISA department, EPB (Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles), ULB (Universite Libre de Bruxelles), Belgium.
# License:
CC BY-NC-SA
ONLY Available for Academic Usage
# Terms of Use:
Anykind of publication or report using this sequence should refer to the following references.
[1] Sarah Fachada, Yupeng Xie, Daniele Bonatto, Gauthier Lafruit, Mehrdad Teratani, "RabbitStamp Test Sequence", 2021.
@misc{fachada_RabbitStamp_2021,
title = {{RabbitStamp} {Test} {Sequence}},
author = {Fachada, Sarah and Xie; Yupeng and Bonatto, Daniele and Lafruit, Gauthier and Teratani, Mehrdad },
month = jul,
year = {2021},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.5053771}
}
[2] Sarah Fachada, Yupeng Xie, Daniele Bonatto, Gauthier Lafruit, Mehrdad Teratani, "[DLF] Plenoptic 2.0 Multiview Lenslet Dataset and Preliminary Experiments [m56429]", 2021.
@article{fachada_RabbitStamp_2021,
title = {[DLF] {Plenoptic} 2.0 {Multiview} {Lenslet} {Dataset} and {Preliminary} {Experiments} [m56429]},
author = {Fachada, Sarah and Xie; Yupeng and Bonatto, Daniele and Lafruit, Gauthier and Teratani, Mehrdad },
journal = {ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11},
month = apr,
year = {2021}
}
[3] Sarah Fachada, Yupeng Xie, Daniele Bonatto, Gauthier Lafruit, Mehrdad Teratani, "[LVC] Update for RabbitStamp: Plenoptic 2.0 Multiview Lenslet Dataset [m57100]", 2021.
@article{fachada_RabbitStamp_2021,
title = {[LVC] {Update} for {RabbitStamp}: {Plenoptic} 2.0 {Multiview} {Dataset} [m56429]},
author = {Fachada, Sarah and Xie; Yupeng and Bonatto, Daniele and Lafruit, Gauthier and Teratani, Mehrdad },
journal = {ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11},
month = jul,
year = {2021}
}
[4] Sarah Fachada, Yupeng Xie, Daniele Bonatto, Gauthier Lafruit, Mehrdad Teratani, "[LVC] Exploration Experiments using RabbitStamp Multiview Lenslet Images [m57101]", 2021.
@article{fachada_RabbitStamp_2021,
title = {[LVC] {Exploration} {Experiments} {Using} {RabbitStamp} {Multiview} {Lenslet} {Images} [m56429]},
author = {Fachada, Sarah and Xie; Yupeng and Bonatto, Daniele and Lafruit, Gauthier and Teratani, Mehrdad},
journal = {ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11},
month = jul,
year = {2021}
}
# Production:
Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, LISA department, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
# Content:
This dataset contains a test scene acquired with a raytrix camera [1] array of 7x3 views. For details of the dataset, please refer to the references mentioned above.
The dataset contains:
- a `depth_7x3_center` depth maps computed with DERS reference software [2] in yuv40016ble format and json configuration files to do so,
- a `multiview_7x3_5x5_images` Calibrated subimages computed with RLC [3] in yuv42010ble format, the cameras.json with the camera parameters and view_synthesis.json with the view synthesis experiment.
- a `multiview_7x3_lenslets` folder containing the lenslet views in yuv42010ble format, the Raytrix xml calibration file and RLC cfg file for conversion to multiview.
# References and links:
[1] Raytrix, https://raytrix.de/
[2] S. Rogge and D. Bonatto and J. Sancho and R. Salvador and E. Juarez and A. Munteanu and G. Lafruit, "MPEG-I Depth Estimation Reference Software", in 2019 International Conference on 3D Immersion (IC3D), 2019.
[3] M. Teratani and T. Fujii, "[MPEG-I Visual] Conversion of Lenslet Data Capture by Single Focussed Plenoptic Camera to Multiview Video using RLC0.3 [N18567]", ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, 201
Le constructivisme
Get PDFGilles Gauthier réplique aux différentes réactions suscitées par sa critique du constructivisme en journalisme. Il commence par caractériser cette notion par deux thèses fondamentales : une thèse épistémologique – l’anti-objectivisme cognitif – posant que la connaissance ne relève pas d’une adéquation au réel ; une thèse méta-ontologique – le scepticisme ontologique – qui appelle à une suspension du jugement sur l’existence de la réalité. Il soutient ensuite que le constructivisme, ainsi caractérisé, est incompatible avec le journalisme en établissant : le rapport nécessaire du journalisme à la réalité ; la dépendance de la construction journalistique à l’égard d’un donné ; la possibilité de produire des énoncés objectifs en journalisme ; l’assujettissement du journalisme à une norme éthique de vérité.Gilles Gauthier responds to the reactions generated by his analysis of constructivism in journalism. He will begin by characterizing constructivism by two fundamental theses: the epistemological perspective or cognitive anti-objectivism, which suggests that knowledge is not a matter of suitability to reality, and the meta-ontological perspective or ontological scepticism which calls for a suspended judgment with regard to the existence of reality. The author will then discuss this constructivism’s incompatibility with journalism by establishing that: journalism is necessarily linked to reality; journalistic construction depends on a given reality; objective discourse in journalism is possible; journalism follows an ethical standard of reality
Περὶ τῶν συμβολῶν. La question de l’isopoliteia chez Philippe Gauthier
Get PDFAfter a few preliminary remarks on Philippe Gauthier’s conception of the relationship between law and history, we turn more specifically to chapter 7 of the Symbola, devoted to isopoliteia, to assess the current relevance of the author’s hypotheses on this granting and sometimes exchange of citizenship between cities and/or koina. Since the aim of the book is to study all forms of judicial protection for passing foreigners, the question is whether isopoliteia is one of them. The author proceeds, as he does elsewhere, by analysing cases, in particular the agreement between Pontic Olbia and Miletus (Miletus I.3, 136) as well as the whole dossier linking the Cretan Epikles of Waxos with the Aetolians (Syll3, 622A and B). Three guidelines are followed here, allowing the work to be placed in a historiographical perspective with reference to the later books by W. Gawantka (1975) and S. Saba (2020): the use of the term isopoliteia in Greek and the contours of isopolity as constructed by modern historians; the definition of the term and the content to be given to it; finally, the question of the legal and judicial scope of isopoliteia. On this last point, Gauthier’s conclusion still seems convincing, since the decrees and agreements of isopoliteia provide their beneficiaries with real protection. On the other hand, in line with recent work, the present article is more critical on the question of dual citizenship: this was largely rejected by Gauthier on the grounds that one citizenship would exclude another, which is not proven for either the Classical or Hellenistic periods. Finally, in relation to dual or multiple citizenship, I question the relevance of the notion of “potential citizenship” used by Gauthier who follows the tradition of Szánto, in relation to the politeia granted on an individual or collective basis: this, in fact, poorly accounts for the actual use of the privileges it contained.After a few preliminary remarks on Philippe Gauthier’s conception of the relationship between law and history, we turn more specifically to chapter 7 of the Symbola, devoted to isopoliteia, to assess the current relevance of the author’s hypotheses on this granting and sometimes exchange of citizenship between cities and/or koina. Since the aim of the book is to study all forms of judicial protection for passing foreigners, the question is whether isopoliteia is one of them. The author proceeds, as he does elsewhere, by analysing cases, in particular the agreement between Pontic Olbia and Miletus (Miletus I.3, 136) as well as the whole dossier linking the Cretan Epikles of Waxos with the Aetolians (Syll3, 622A and B). Three guidelines are followed here, allowing the work to be placed in a historiographical perspective with reference to the later books by W. Gawantka (1975) and S. Saba (2020): the use of the term isopoliteia in Greek and the contours of isopolity as constructed by modern historians; the definition of the term and the content to be given to it; finally, the question of the legal and judicial scope of isopoliteia. On this last point, Gauthier’s conclusion still seems convincing, since the decrees and agreements of isopoliteia provide their beneficiaries with real protection. On the other hand, in line with recent work, the present article is more critical on the question of dual citizenship: this was largely rejected by Gauthier on the grounds that one citizenship would exclude another, which is not proven for either the Classical or Hellenistic periods. Finally, in relation to dual or multiple citizenship, I question the relevance of the notion of “potential citizenship” used by Gauthier who follows the tradition of Szánto, in relation to the politeia granted on an individual or collective basis: this, in fact, poorly accounts for the actual use of the privileges it contained.Dopo alcune osservazioni preliminari sulla concezione di Philippe Gauthier del rapporto tra diritto e storia, ci rivolgiamo più specificamente al capitolo 7 dei Symbola, dedicato all’isopoliteia, per valutare l’attualità delle ipotesi dell’autore su questa concessione e talvolta scambio di cittadinanza tra città e/o koina. Poiché l’obiettivo del libro è quello di studiare tutte le forme di tutela giudiziaria degli stranieri di passaggio, ci si chiede se l’isopoliteia sia una di queste. L’autore procede, come anche altrove, all’analisi di casi, in particolare dell’accordo tra Olbia pontica e Mileto (Milet I.3, 136) e dell’intero dossier che lega il cretese Epicle diWaxos agli Etoli (Syll.3, 622A e B). Tre sono le linee guida seguite, che permettono di collocare il lavoro in una prospettiva storiografica con riferimento ai successivi libri di W. Gawantka (1975) e S. Saba (2020): l’uso del termine isopoliteia in greco e i contorni dell’isopolitia così come sono stati costruiti dagli storici moderni; la definizione del termine e il contenuto che deve essere ad esso attribuito; infine, la questione della portata giuridica e giudiziaria dell’isopoliteia. Su quest’ultimo punto, la conclusione di Gauthier appare ancora convincente, poiché i decreti e gli accordi di isopoliteia forniscono ai loro beneficiari una protezione reale. D’altra parte, in linea con i lavori più recenti, l’articolo è più critico sulla questione della doppia cittadinanza: questa è stata ampiamente respinta da Gauthier sulla base del fatto che una cittadinanza ne escluderebbe un’altra, cosa che non è dimostrata néper il periodo classico né per quello ellenistico. Infine, in relazione alla doppia o multipla cittadinanza, viene messa in dubbio la pertinenza della nozione di “cittadinanza potenziale” utilizzata da Gauthier nella tradizione di Szánto, in relazione alla politeia concessa su base individuale o collettiva: questa, infatti, rende poco conto dell’uso effettivo dei privilegi che conteneva
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