112,661 research outputs found
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Multifactorial approaches for interaction studies between Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and two virulent Vibrio, V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus : epidemiology, variable host susceptibility and pathogenesis
No full textL’ostréiculture, dominée par l’élevage de l’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas, représente plus de 70% du chiffre d’affaire réalisé par l’aquaculture française. Au sein des écosystèmes aquatiques, les bactéries appartenant au genre Vibrio forment l’un des groupes bactériens les plus abondamment représentés. Deux espèces, Vibrio splendidus et Vibrio aestuarianus, sont fréquemment associées et de façon récurrente, à des mortalités sévissant dans les élevages d’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas, le plus souvent en période estivale. Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectifs d’étudier des interactions Vibrio-huître et leurs modulations en fonction de la virulence des pathogènes et des paramètres génétiques et physiologiques de l’hôte. Le développement d’outils de détection et de quantification sensibles et spécifiques et la maîtrise de protocoles d’infection expérimentale à Vibrio ont permis d’explorer des mécanismes de virulence, d’étudier la variabilité de la sensibilité des huîtres à ces Vibrio et de caractériser la pathogenèse. L’étude de la diversité spécifique des souches bactériennes isolées dans un contexte de mortalité estivale sur une large échelle de temps et d’espace a permis de montrer la prédominance épidémiologique du groupe V. splendidus et de l’espèce V. aestuarianus associée aux épisodes de mortalité estivale de C. gigas en France. Une corrélation ayant été observée entre pouvoir pathogène et activité métalloprotéasique, un test phénotypique prédictif de la virulence des souches a été proposé. L’exploration du phénomène de synergie dans la pathogénicité des deux souches observé en co-injection expérimentale a conduit à la mise en évidence de l’existence d’un système de quorum sensing régulant aux niveaux intraspécifique (V. splendidus) et interspécifique (V. splendidus/V. aestuarianus) la production et l’expression au niveau transcriptionnel des gènes codant les métalloprotéases Vsm et Vam des deux souches étudiées. L’analyse statistique des cinétiques de mortalité obtenues chez des familles de demi-frères diploïdes et triploïdes soumises à un protocole de co-infection standardisée révèle une sensibilité accrue des huîtres à cette vibriose expérimentale, en période de gamétogenèse active. Les huîtres triploïdes soumises à cette même infection expérimentale n’ont présenté aucun avantage significatif. L’existence d’une base génétique de la sensibilité des huîtres aux vibrioses expérimentales a été illustrée par l’évaluation des sensibilités de quatorze familles de la cinquième génération (G5) issue du programme de sélection divergente réalisée dans le cadre de MOREST. Cette étude a également permis la description de co-infections à herpès virus OsHV-1 et V. aestuarianus suggérant une multi-étiologie des phénomènes de mortalité estivale. Une étude de pathogenèse à V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus réalisée par cohabitation a visé l’exploration des interactions liant l’huître creuse C. gigas et les Vibrio virulents, V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus, ou non virulents présents naturellement dans la flore endogène de l’hémolymphe ou dans l’eau des aquariums. Cette nouvelle approche a permis de mettre en évidence la rapidité de transmission des Vibrio virulents des huîtres infectées aux huîtres sentinelles en moins de deux heures, accompagnée d’une perturbation significative, précoce et transitoire de la réponse immunitaire de l’hôte au niveau transcriptionnel au cours des six premières heures de cohabitation. La prise en charge différentielle des Vibrio pathogènes et des Vibrio commensaux par l’huître suggère l’existence de mécanismes conduisant à une spécificité des réponses de l’huître visant l’élimination des Vibrio pathogènes et le maintien d’une flore vibrionacée endogène probablement bénéfique pour C. gigas.Oyster production is the main aquaculture activity in France and is dominated by the rearing of Crassostrea gigas. In the aquatic ecosystems where the species is grown, bacteria of the genus Vibrio are found to be dominant. Two Vibrio species, V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus, are frequently associated with Crassostrea gigas summer mortality episodes. The aims of this work were to study Vibrio-oyster interactions and their modulations according to virulence mechanisms and to genetic and physiological parameters of the host. Using specific, sensitive and quantifying diagnostic tools developed in this study, as well as standardized experimental infection trials, some components of the virulence of Vibrio strains and host susceptibility were delineated and the dynamics of Vibrio infection characterized through pathogenesis studies.The study of the specific diversity of bacterial strains isolated during summer mortality events, on broad temporal and spatial scales, revealed an epidemiological association of the group V. splendidus and the species V. aestuarianus. Because a correlation has been observed between pathogenicity and metalloprotease activity, a predictive phenotypic test of virulence was developed. Exploration of the synergy phenomenon between the pathogenicity of the two strains observed in experimental co-injection led to the characterisation of a system of quorum sensing controlling the production and transcriptional expression of the gene encoding metalloprotease Vsm and Vam at the intraspecific (V. splendidus) and interspecific level (V. splendidus/V. aestuarianus).The statistical analysis of mortality kinetics in half-sib diploid and triploid families subjected to experimental vibriosis by co-infection revealed an increased susceptibility of oysters during the period of active gametogenesis. The triploid oysters subjected to this same experimental infection did not show any significant advantage. The existence of a genetic basis for oyster susceptibility to experimental vibriosis was illustrated by the evaluation of the susceptibilities of fourteen families of the fifth generation (G5) from a program of divergent selection carried out within the MOREST oyster summer mortality research project. This study also allowed the description of co-infections involving the herpes OsHV-1 virus and V. aestuarianus, suggesting multi-etiologic summer mortalities. A pathogenesis study on V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus, performed by cohabitation, was used to explore interactions between C. gigas and pathogenic Vibrio (V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus), or non pathogenic Vibrio found naturally in the endogenous flora of the oyster hemolymph or in the water of the aquaria. This new approach demonstrated a fast transmission of pathogenic Vibrio between infected oysters and sentinels, in less than two hours. Moreover, a significant early and transient disturbance of the defence response of the host was revealed at the transcriptional level during the first six hours of cohabitation. The differential loads of pathogenic and commensal Vibrio in oysters suggest the existence of discriminatory mechanisms, leading to a specificity of the response aiming to eliminate pathogenic Vibrio and maintain a potentially beneficial endogenous bacterial flora in C. gigas
The supplementation of a corn/barley-based diet with bacterial xylanase did not prevent diarrhoea of ETEC susceptible piglets, but favoured the persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri in the gut
No full textExogenous enzymes can favour the release of shorter polymers of the dietary fibre, favouring the development of a beneficial digestive microflora. The addition of bacterial xylanase to a weaner pig diet was tested for its impact on the intestinal microbiota and digestive homeostasis. Thirty-two pigs genetically susceptible to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), equally divided into two experimental groups, were used to increase the risk of diarrhoea and test the response of xylanase under conditions representing those severe situations which are frequently present on farms. Pigs, weaned at 25 ± 1 days, were fed a corn/barley standard diet without (Group CO) or with (Group XY) 100 g/t xylanase from BELFEED NV, Belgium. Blood samples (for measuring the reactive oxygen metabolites) and faeces were taken 14 and 28 days from the beginning of the trial. On day 28, the pigs were euthanised and jejunal samples were collected.The faecal bacteria16S rRNA gene was sequenced using a MiSeq Reagent Kit V3-V4 on a MiSeq-Illumina platform. The pigs had diffuse diarrhoea starting from day 4. On the morning of day 8 and for the two following days, all the pigs were treated with Enrofloxacin intramuscularly. The efficacy of the Enrofloxacin was confirmed using the ETEC F18 growth inhibition test. Four animals in each treatment group died or were suppressed to reduce pain. The diet did not change growth, the faecal score or the reactive oxygen metabolites in the blood. The XY treatment trended to increase villus length in the jejunum (p = 0.066). The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) distribution was fairly homogeneous, the microbial diversity indices were not changed by the treatment, and the per phylum abundances were homogenous among the diets and were dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The beneficial xylose-fermenting Lactobacillus reuteri persisted after weaning in the XY treatment group (P < 0.05). The Beta Diversity was clusterised for the time of sampling (P = 0.003). The supplementation with xylanase did not improve growth or protection against ETEC, but the effect on some beneficial bacteria species is merits additional study
Determination of the strong coupling constant α s ( m Z ) in next-to-next-to-leading order QCD using H1 jet cross section measurements α s ( m Z ) in next-to-next-to-leading order QCD using H1 jet cross section measurements
No full textThe strong coupling constant αs is determined from inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in neutral-current deep-inelastic ep scattering (DIS) measured at HERA by the H1 collaboration using next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD predictions. The dependence of the NNLO predictions and of the resulting value of αs(mZ) at the Z-boson mass mZ are studied as a function of the choice of the renormalisation and factorisation scales. Using inclusive jet and dijet data together, the strong coupling constant is determined to be αs(mZ)=0.1157(20)exp(29)th. Complementary, αs(mZ) is determined together with parton distribution functions of the proton (PDFs) from jet and inclusive DIS data measured by the H1 experiment. The value αs(mZ)=0.1142(28)tot obtained is consistent with the determination from jet data alone. The impact of the jet data on the PDFs is studied. The running of the strong coupling is tested at different values of the renormalisation scale and the results are found to be in agreement with expectations. Dedicated to the memory of our dear friends and colleagues Vitaliy Dodonov and Yakov Vazdi
Využití sociálních médií v B2B prodeji
No full textTato diplomová práce se zabývá tím, jak mohou B2B obchodníci využívat sociální média v prodeji. Na základě systematické rešerše literatury, autor zjistil, že akademici, zkoumající danou problematiku, navrhují další výzkum, a to: v kterých konkrétních krocích se dají využít sociální média v prodeji (Salo, 2017). Autor se na základě toho rozhodl zjistit, jaké sociální sítě, různé technologie a pluginy se dají využít v B2B prodeji - tzv. social sellingu. Social selling se v této práci týká primárně procesu akvizice a okrajově péčí o stávající zákazníky. Autor si vybral kvalitativní průzkum pomocí 10 hloubkových polo-strukturovaných rozhovorů, aby odhalil jak, která sociální média to jsou, tak i motivaci prodejců, proč tato média používat/nepoužívat. Aby autor dodržel správnost vyhodnocení výsledků, data byla analyzována pomocí Tématické analýzy, která v této studii vykrystalizovala 2 hlavní strategické přístupy v social sellingu. Tyto přístupy (tzv. Push a Pull strategie) obsahují praktické příklady a konkrétní aktivity, které mohou prodejci využívat v každodenní praxi. Tyto výsledky jsou prezentovány s důrazem na praktičnost a jednoduchost implementace. Tvoří proto hlavní přínos autorovo výzkumu. V poslední části autor zmiňuje výzvy a manažerská doporučení, které mohou obchodníci využít v každodenním pracovním životě.This diploma thesis focuses on social media usage in B2B sales. Based on the systematic literature review conducted by the author, he has found out that recent researchers (Salo, 2017) suggest further research in the area of how and in which sales phase should various social networking sites, technologies and plugins used. To further fill this research gap, author decided to identify these social media and their usage among B2B salespeople in the so-called social selling process. The social selling process in this thesis applies mainly to acquiring new prospects and tangentially to taking care of existing clients (follow-up step). Author has chosen a qualitative research method via conducting 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews to reveal these instruments as well as motivation of a sales person on why to use social media in the selling process. The collected data was analyzed using Thematic analysis to ensure the right procedure and to identify main themes which crystalized into 2 main strategic approaches in social selling. These approaches (Push and Pull) include practical examples of concrete activities which sales people can use in their daily jobs and are presented with focus on practicality and ease of implementation. These also form the main contribution of author`s research. In the last part, author mentions challenges in social selling and recommended managerial implications for salesforce
TeX v jednoduchém unixovém prostředí
No full textsummary:Při ladění TeXového dokumentu potřebujeme mnohokrát opakovaně pouštět TeX, podívat se, jak dopadl výsledek v prohlížeči DVI nebo PDF souboru, mrknout na výpis TeXu na terminálu, podívat se případně do logu a celou činnost opakovat. V tomto článku je ukázáno, jak tuto práci dělá autor článku. Proces "editor-TeX-kuk" je zde podporován jednoduchými unixovými nástroji: bashovým skriptem texloop, který si autor pro tyto účely vytvořil, dále terminálem Xterm a jednoduchým editorem, který umí navázat na klávesovou zkratku spuštění příkazu v systému. Čtenář se zde může inspirovat a přizpůsobit tyto nástroje svým vlastním potřebám. V článku je popsána funkce skriptu texloop, dále je neformálně rozveden dlouholetý vývoj autorova vztahu k textovým editorům a konečně je zde uvedena konfigurace terminálu Xterm, aby vyhovoval českému prostředí jak v kódování ISO-8859-2, tak v kódování UTF-8. Pro kódování UTF-8 si v závěru článku vygenerujeme TeXový formát csplain.summary:By debugging a TeX document it is necessary many times repeatedly to run TeX, to look for the result in DVI or PDF file, to gander the TeX output on the terminal, or eventually to have a look in the log-file, and all that action to repeat. In the paper it is show, how this work is made by author. The process '‘'editor-TeX-look' is supported by simple Unix tools: bash script texloop, created by author for these purposes, Xterm terminal and a simple editor, which is able to link to the shortcut key the activation of a system command. The reader could be inspired with the solution and to adapt these tools to his/her own needs. In the paper the function of the texloop script is described, and further the longstanding evolution of the author's relation to text editors is informal elaborated and finally a configuration of Xterm terminal, suitable for the czech environment with both ISO-8859-2 and UTF-8 encoding is introduced. For UTF-8 encoding the TeX format csplain is generated at the end of the paper
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