1,720,985 research outputs found
Screening of new trypanocid molecules
No full textLes maladies à kinétoplastidés sont des parasitoses vectorielles dues à des protozoaires flagellés sanguicoles. Parmi celles-ci, la Trypanosomose Africaine due à un parasite du genre Trypanosoma touche à la fois les Hommes et les animaux. Chez l’Homme, cette maladie, plus connue sous le nom de maladie du sommeil, évolue classiquement en 2 stades. Le stade hémolymphatique où le parasite se multiplie dans le sang et la lymphe et le stade nerveux caractérisé par la présence du parasite au niveau cérébral. En l’absence d’une thérapeutique adapté, la mort est inéluctable. Actuellement les traitements proposés en médecine humaine comme vétérinaire sont anciens, non dénués de toxicité et sont à l’origine de cas de résistances de plus en plus marqués. La recherche de nouvelles molécules est donc primordiale pour pouvoir espérer maitriser cette pathologie. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons étudié deux familles de molécules capables de reconnaitre des sites parasitaires : (i)Les nitroimidazolés qui vont interagir avec les nitroréductases pour générer des intermédiaires toxiques, et (ii) les dérivés phénanthroliniques ciblant les télomérases afin de perturber la synthèse d’ADN du trypanosome. Notre travail de thèse a permis d’évaluer le pouvoir trypanocide de différentes molécules de ces deux familles à la fois par des tests in vitro mais aussi sur un modèle murin infecté par une souche de Trypanosoma brucei brucei. La finalité de ce travail étant d’identifier de nouveaux candidats médicaments. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence des composés d’intérêt qui ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche pour lutter contre cette parasitose, mais aussi plus largement contre tous les kinétoplastidés.Kinetoplastid diseases are vectorial parasitoses caused by flagellated blood protozoa. Among these, African Trypanosomiasis, due to a parasite of the genus Trypanosoma, affects both humans and animals. In humans, this disease, known as sleeping sickness, progresses classically in 2 stages: the hemolymphatic stage characterized by multiplication of the parasite in blood and lymph and the nervous stage characterized by the presence of the parasite in the brain. In the absence of appropriate therapy, death is inevitable. Currently, the treatments proposed in human and veterinary medicine are old, toxic and at the origin of cases of resistance. The search for new molecules is therefore essential to control this pathology. It is in this context that we studied two families of molecules which recognize parasitic sites: (i) Nitroimidazoles that interact with nitroreductases to generate toxic intermediates, and (ii) Phenanthroline derivatives targeting telomerases to disrupt trypanosome DNA synthesis. Our thesis research evaluated the trypanocidal power of different molecules from these two families both by in vitro tests and in a mouse model infected with a strain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The purpose of this work was to identify new drug candidates. The results obtained have made it possible to identify compounds of interest that open up new pathways of research to control this parasite, as well as all kinetoplastidae
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Recherche de nouvelles molécules trypanocides
No full textKinetoplastid diseases are vectorial parasitoses caused by flagellated blood protozoa. Among these, African Trypanosomiasis, due to a parasite of the genus Trypanosoma, affects both humans and animals. In humans, this disease, known as sleeping sickness, progresses classically in 2 stages: the hemolymphatic stage characterized by multiplication of the parasite in blood and lymph and the nervous stage characterized by the presence of the parasite in the brain. In the absence of appropriate therapy, death is inevitable. Currently, the treatments proposed in human and veterinary medicine are old, toxic and at the origin of cases of resistance. The search for new molecules is therefore essential to control this pathology. It is in this context that we studied two families of molecules which recognize parasitic sites: (i) Nitroimidazoles that interact with nitroreductases to generate toxic intermediates, and (ii) Phenanthroline derivatives targeting telomerases to disrupt trypanosome DNA synthesis. Our thesis research evaluated the trypanocidal power of different molecules from these two families both by in vitro tests and in a mouse model infected with a strain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The purpose of this work was to identify new drug candidates. The results obtained have made it possible to identify compounds of interest that open up new pathways of research to control this parasite, as well as all kinetoplastidae.Les maladies à kinétoplastidés sont des parasitoses vectorielles dues à des protozoaires flagellés sanguicoles. Parmi celles-ci, la Trypanosomose Africaine due à un parasite du genre Trypanosoma touche à la fois les Hommes et les animaux. Chez l’Homme, cette maladie, plus connue sous le nom de maladie du sommeil, évolue classiquement en 2 stades. Le stade hémolymphatique où le parasite se multiplie dans le sang et la lymphe et le stade nerveux caractérisé par la présence du parasite au niveau cérébral. En l’absence d’une thérapeutique adapté, la mort est inéluctable. Actuellement les traitements proposés en médecine humaine comme vétérinaire sont anciens, non dénués de toxicité et sont à l’origine de cas de résistances de plus en plus marqués. La recherche de nouvelles molécules est donc primordiale pour pouvoir espérer maitriser cette pathologie. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons étudié deux familles de molécules capables de reconnaitre des sites parasitaires : (i)Les nitroimidazolés qui vont interagir avec les nitroréductases pour générer des intermédiaires toxiques, et (ii) les dérivés phénanthroliniques ciblant les télomérases afin de perturber la synthèse d’ADN du trypanosome. Notre travail de thèse a permis d’évaluer le pouvoir trypanocide de différentes molécules de ces deux familles à la fois par des tests in vitro mais aussi sur un modèle murin infecté par une souche de Trypanosoma brucei brucei. La finalité de ce travail étant d’identifier de nouveaux candidats médicaments. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence des composés d’intérêt qui ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche pour lutter contre cette parasitose, mais aussi plus largement contre tous les kinétoplastidés
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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