1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Study of the sampling conditions for the cutaneous body volatilome for discriminant analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the identification of disease biomarkers
No full textLe volatolome corporel cutané est une matrice constituée de plusieurs centaines de composés organiques volatils (COV). Ces composés peuvent être odorants ou non et sont le résultat de l’interaction des molécules sécrétées par les glandes sudoripares avec le microbiote cutané. Etudier ce type de matrice présente un intérêt pour le domaine de la santé car il est possible, au travers du volatolome, d’effectuer des dépistages précoces de maladies. Néanmoins, la littérature montre que les méthodes de prélèvement de cette matrice sont aujourd’hui variées, conduisant généralement à des résultats peu reproductibles et parfois contradictoires. De plus, le volatolome corporel cutané est également influencé par des COV de sources exogènes (cosmétiques, environnement), dont les effets n’ont pas encore été clairement évalués. Il devient alors nécessaire de comprendre et de maîtriser l’impact de ces sources sur le volatolome afin de garantir des résultats fiables et pertinents. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce projet est d’étudier les conditions de prélèvement du volatolome corporel cutané pour ensuite pouvoir réaliser son analyser discriminante grâce à la thermodésorption suivie de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse intégralement bidimensionnelle couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol (TD-GC×GC/ToFMS) dans un but final d’identifier des biomarqueurs de maladies.Pour cela, nous avons développé le système de prélèvement SkinVOCs® dans un objectif de standardisation. Après avoir étudié 5 phases de prélèvement et 13 matériaux, une combinaison de l’aluminium avec le PowerSorb® a permis de maximiser les performances de prélèvement tout en limitant les sources de contamination. La facilité d’utilisation du système a également été un point crucial du cahier des charges, pour réduire les contraintes et les éventuels biais associés au niveau d’expertise de l’utilisateur. Par la suite, ce système a permis de mener des études dont le but était d’évaluer l’impact de facteurs endogènes (âge, genre) et exogènes (cosmétiques, environnement) sur la composition du volatolome corporel cutané. Néanmoins, que ce soit pour ces études ou pour l’étude clinique menée sur le Covid-19, les résultats n’ont pu être obtenus qu’après comparaison et exploitation des chromatogrammes grâce à des méthodes de traitement de données combinant un retraitement manuel, à l’utilisation d’outils informatiques et chimiométriques. Ainsi, pour le Covid-19, c’est après avoir prélevé 40 patients malades et 13 personnes saines, puis exploité les chromatogrammes issus de l’analyse de leurs échantillons, que 25 molécules significativement différentes entre les groupes « malade » et « sain » ont été mises en évidence. Finalement, grâce aux connaissances acquises sur l’impact de l’utilisation de produits cosmétiques et de l’environnement, 4 molécules pertinentes vis-à-vis de la maladie étudiée ont été conservées. Ces résultats soulignent l’efficacité de la méthode utilisée, du prélèvement jusqu’à l’exploitation des données, mettant en avant les potentiels biais existant et les solutions pour les éviter. Cette avancée ouvre la voie à de nouvelles études cliniques, en particulier sur les cancers cutanés.The cutaneous body volatolome is a matrix composed of several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds may be odorous or not and result from the interaction between molecules secreted by sweat glands and the skin microbiome. Studying this type of matrix is of interest to the healthcare field because, through the volatolome, early disease screening is possible. However, the literature shows that current methods of sampling this matrix are varied, generally leading to results that are poorly reproducible and sometimes contradictory. Additionally, the cutaneous body volatolome is also influenced by VOCs from exogenous sources (cosmetics, environment), the effects of which have not yet been clearly evaluated. It is therefore necessary to understand and control the impact of these sources on the volatolome to ensure reliable and relevant results. Thus, the objective of this project is to study the conditions for sampling the cutaneous body volatolome, in order to later perform its discriminant analysis through thermodesorption followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC/ToFMS), with the ultimate goal of identifying disease biomarkers.To this end, we developed the SkinVOCs® sampling system with the aim of standardization. After studying five sampling phases and 13 materials, a combination of aluminum with PowerSorb® maximized sampling performance while limiting contamination sources. Ease of use was also a crucial part of the system’s design, to reduce constraints and potential biases related to the user’s level of expertise. This system was subsequently used in studies aimed at evaluating the impact of endogenous factors (age, gender) and exogenous factors (cosmetics, environment) on the composition of the cutaneous body volatolome. However, for both these studies and the clinical study conducted on COVID-19, results could only be obtained after comparing and processing chromatograms using data analysis methods combining manual reprocessing with computational and chemometric tools. For COVID-19, after sampling 40 sick patients and 13 healthy individuals, and analyzing the chromatograms of their samples, 25 molecules that were significantly different between the "sick" and "healthy" groups were identified. Finally, based on the knowledge acquired about the impact of cosmetic product use and environmental factors, four molecules relevant to the studied disease were retained. These results highlight the effectiveness of the method used, from sampling to data processing, while pointing out potential biases and solutions to avoid them. This advancement paves the way for new clinical studies, particularly on skin cancers
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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